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Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...

Nucleic acids

Nucleic acids

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
DNA and RNA
The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acid Structure

Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA...

Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides

Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides

Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and have instructions for its functioning. The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and the organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria....

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Self-Assembly of Gamma-Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids into Complex Nanostructures in Organic Solvent Mixtures

Self-Assembly of Gamma-Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids into Complex Nanostructures in Organic Solvent Mixtures

Published on: June 26, 2020

AIEgens/Nucleic Acid Nanostructures for Bioanalytical Applications.

Xudong Wang¹, Min Xu², Kaixun Huang¹

¹Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.

Chemistry, an Asian Journal

|November 30, 2018

Summary

DNA conformational transitions, especially non-B DNA, are linked to diseases. Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) probes offer a simpler, more effective way to detect these changes for biosensing applications.

Keywords:

DNA aggregated-induced emission biosensors conformation analysis fluorescence

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Last Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Self-Assembly of Gamma-Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids into Complex Nanostructures in Organic Solvent Mixtures

Self-Assembly of Gamma-Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids into Complex Nanostructures in Organic Solvent Mixtures

Published on: June 26, 2020

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Published on: November 1, 2019

NanoDrop Microvolume Quantitation of Nucleic Acids

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Published on: November 22, 2010

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Biochemistry
Biophysics

Background:

DNA's diverse roles include protein encoding and genetic inheritance.
DNA conformational transitions, particularly to non-B forms, are linked to human diseases like deletions and translocations.
Conventional fluorescence probes for DNA transitions face challenges like complex design, synthesis, and aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ).

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in bioanalytical applications using aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens) and nucleic acid nanostructures.
To highlight the advantages of AIE-based probes over conventional methods for detecting DNA conformational changes.
To discuss the potential of AIEgens in biosensing and imaging applications related to DNA structure.

Main Methods:

Exploration of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties of luminogens (AIEgens).
Integration of AIEgens with nucleic acid nanostructures for enhanced detection capabilities.
Development of fluorescent 'switch-on' probes that avoid traditional fluorophore-quencher pairs.

Main Results:

AIEgens offer a unique 'turn-on' fluorescence mechanism, overcoming ACQ limitations.
AIEgens coupled with nucleic acid nanostructures enable sensitive and specific detection of analytes.
Novel biosensors based on AIEgens demonstrate improved performance in imaging and analyte detection compared to conventional probes.

Conclusions:

AIE-based probes represent a significant advancement in biosensing, particularly for monitoring DNA conformational transitions.
The combination of AIEgens and nucleic acid nanostructures provides a powerful platform for developing next-generation diagnostic tools.
Future research will likely focus on expanding the applications of AIEgens in complex biological systems and disease diagnostics.