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Face Value and Cheap Talk: How Smiles Can Increase or Decrease the Credibility of Our Words.

Lawrence Ian Reed1,2, Rachel Stratton1, Jessica D Rambeas1

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Evolutionary Psychology : an International Journal of Evolutionary Approaches to Psychology and Behavior
|December 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genuine smiles enhance statement credibility, while forced smiles reduce it. This study explores how uninhibited facial expressions impact perceived trustworthiness in communication.

Keywords:
emotionsfacial expressionsgame theorysignalingsmile

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Nonverbal Communication

Background:

  • Facial expressions play a crucial role in social interactions.
  • The Duchenne smile, a genuine expression of happiness, is often contrasted with posed or controlled smiles.
  • Understanding how different types of smiles influence perception is vital for effective communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of uninhibited (Duchenne) versus inhibited (controlled) smiles on the perceived credibility of a written statement.
  • To determine if the nature of a smile influences behavioral decisions based on perceived trustworthiness.

Main Methods:

  • Participants were presented with written statements paired with confederate facial expressions: neutral, non-Duchenne smile, Duchenne smile, or controlled smile.
  • A behavioral decision task was used to assess the credibility participants assigned to the statements.
  • Two experiments were conducted, one with deliberate expressions and another with spontaneously emitted expressions.

Main Results:

  • Statements paired with a Duchenne smile were perceived as more credible compared to a neutral expression.
  • Statements paired with a controlled smile were perceived as less credible than those with a neutral expression.
  • These effects were replicated with spontaneous facial expressions.

Conclusions:

  • Uninhibited facial expressions, specifically Duchenne smiles, enhance the credibility of accompanying statements.
  • Inhibited or controlled facial expressions can decrease the perceived credibility of statements.
  • The authenticity of a smile significantly influences how trustworthy a person's communication is perceived to be.