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Human biomonitoring in Australian children: Brominated flame retardants decrease from 2006 to 2015.

Daniel S Drage1, Fiona A Harden2, Tomas Jeffery3

  • 1School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK; Queensland Alliance of Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, Australia.

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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) levels in young children significantly decreased after Australian bans. Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) levels, however, showed no decrease following its ban.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Toxicology
  • Pediatric Health

Background:

  • Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) are persistent flame retardants previously used globally.
  • Concerns exist regarding their presence in human tissues, particularly elevated levels in children.
  • Australia banned commercial Penta- and Octa-PBDE mixtures in 2005, and HBCDD was globally banned in 2013.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate PBDE and HBCDD concentrations in serum from young Australian children.
  • To assess temporal trends in PBDE levels 10 years after the Australian ban.
  • To compare current HBCDD levels with previous measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of pooled human serum samples (n=800) collected in 2014/15, stratified by age and sex.
  • Quantification of specific PBDE congeners (BDEs -28, -47, -99, -100, -153, -154, -183) and HBCDD using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
  • Comparison of 2014/15 PBDE data with historical data from 2006/07 and HBCDD data with 2012 samples.

Main Results:

  • The geometric mean concentration of total PBDEs (ΣPBDEs) in 2014/15 was 4.5 ng/g lipid.
  • PBDE levels showed a significant reduction (p < 0.0001) compared to 2006/07 data, indicating effectiveness of the ban.
  • HBCDD concentrations (mean 0.45 ng/g lipid) did not show a significant temporal decrease compared to 2012 data.

Conclusions:

  • PBDE levels in young Australian children have significantly decreased following the 2005 ban on commercial Penta- and Octa-BDE mixtures.
  • No comparable decrease in HBCDD levels was observed in Australian children post-2012 ban.
  • Further monitoring is warranted, especially for HBCDD, to ensure the effectiveness of global regulations.