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Related Concept Videos

Classification of Illness01:17

Classification of Illness

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The meaning of illness is individualized to each person who experiences an alteration in health. In contrast, disease is a medical term indicating a pathological change in the structure and function of the body or mind. It is a condition that has specific symptoms and boundaries.
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe...
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Factors Affecting Illness01:18

Factors Affecting Illness

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When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness,...
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Data Reporting and Recording01:24

Data Reporting and Recording

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Reporting and recording are crucial in data documentation. The timely, thorough, and accurate documentation of facts is essential when recording patient data. Failure to record findings during an assessment or interpretation of a problem will result in loss of information and make the patient document unreliable. The reader is left with general impressions if the information is not specific. A recording is documenting data of the individual's health information in a traceable, secure, and...
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Concepts of Health and Illness01:29

Concepts of Health and Illness

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Health is a condition of the body, mind, and spirit where an individual remains free from illness. Similarly, wellness is an active state, including living a lifestyle that promotes physical, mental, and emotional health. Physical health is critical for the overall well-being and can be affected by lifestyle, activity level, diet, and behavior. The highest attainable standard of health is a fundamental and universal human right. Consider Lisa, a fifteen-year-old born with congenital...
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Dimensions of Health and Illness01:21

Dimensions of Health and Illness

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The factors influencing the health-illness continuum can be internal or external and may or may not be under conscious control. They are related to the following eight human dimensions, and each dimension is interrelated to one other.
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Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention01:26

Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention

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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
In primary prevention, actions taken before disease onset prevent the disease from...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

An Aptamer-based Sensor for Unchelated GadoliniumIII
05:15

An Aptamer-based Sensor for Unchelated GadoliniumIII

Published on: January 9, 2017

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Evaluating the Patient with Reported Gadolinium-Associated Illness.

Tatyana Lyapustina1, Charlotte Goldfine1, Sean Rhyee2

  • 1University of Connecticut Medical School, Hartford, CT, USA.

Journal of Medical Toxicology : Official Journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology
|December 1, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) are linked to nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) in patients with kidney disease. Evidence for other GBCA-associated symptoms, like gadolinium deposition disease, is currently inconclusive.

Keywords:
GadoliniumGadolinium deposition diseaseGadolinium-based contrastMagnetic resonance imagingNephrogenic systemic fibrosis

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology and Medical Imaging
  • Nephrology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) have seen widespread clinical use since the 1980s.
  • Recent attention focuses on patient-reported symptoms following GBCA exposure.
  • This review examines current knowledge on GBCAs and associated disease states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the known and proposed disease states associated with GBCAs.
  • To provide recommendations for the clinical workup of patients with suspected GBCA-related symptoms.
  • To evaluate the evidence for gadolinium deposition disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on GBCAs and adverse effects.
  • Analysis of clinical presentation and diagnostic criteria for GBCA-associated conditions.
  • Evaluation of evidence supporting proposed syndromes like gadolinium deposition disease.

Main Results:

  • Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is the only proven disease state linked to GBCAs, primarily in patients with renal impairment.
  • A proposed syndrome, gadolinium deposition disease, describes symptoms in patients with normal renal function post-GBCA exposure.
  • Currently, there is no conclusive evidence establishing a causal relationship between GBCAs and symptoms of gadolinium deposition disease.

Conclusions:

  • NSF remains the sole confirmed disease state associated with GBCA exposure.
  • Further research is needed to determine if other reported symptoms are attributable to GBCAs.
  • Clinical evaluation for suspected GBCA-related symptoms relies on history and physical examination due to lack of reliable correlation with gadolinium levels.