[Spasticity: from pathophysiology to treatment].

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Rehabilitation Medicine
• Neuroscience

Background:

• Spasticity is a common, disabling outcome of upper motor neuron (UMN) damage.
• Understanding the pathophysiology of spasticity is crucial for effective management.
• Existing definitions and clinical presentations of spasticity require comprehensive analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present modern perspectives on spasticity pathophysiology.
• To analyze the morphological and functional changes post-UMN damage.
• To review current diagnostic techniques and treatment strategies for spasticity.

Main Methods:

• Review of existing literature on spasticity pathophysiology and treatment.
• Analysis of neuroplasticity, pathogenesis, and sanogenesis in spasticity development.
• Comparison of pathogenetic mechanisms with clinical symptoms and diagnostic methods.

Main Results:

• Spasticity involves complex pathobiological processes in muscles, tendons, and joints.
• Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT) and muscle relaxants are key treatments.
• BoNT is an integral component of comprehensive spasticity rehabilitation programs.

Conclusions:

• Effective spasticity management requires understanding its pathophysiological basis.
• Integrated treatment approaches, including BoNT, are essential for rehabilitation.
• Further research into diagnostic and therapeutic advancements is warranted.