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Discrete Superconducting Phases in FeSe-Derived Superconductors.

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Researchers discovered discrete superconducting phases in iron selenide (FeSe) thin flakes by tuning carrier concentration. These phases differ from typical unconventional superconductors and are sensitive to iron site integrity.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Superconductivity

Background:

  • Unconventional superconductors typically exhibit a superconducting dome in their phase diagrams.
  • Iron selenide (FeSe) is the simplest iron-based superconductor, making it a key material for fundamental studies.
  • Understanding the factors controlling superconductivity in FeSe is crucial for designing new superconducting materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the emergence of discrete superconducting phases in FeSe thin flakes.
  • To explore the effect of carrier concentration tuning on the superconducting properties of FeSe.
  • To compare the superconducting phase diagram of FeSe derivatives with other unconventional superconductors.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of FeSe thin flakes.
  • Continuous tuning of carrier concentration using solid ionic gating with Li and Na ion intercalation.
  • Substitution of S for Se and Cu for Fe to probe the structural and chemical sensitivity of superconductivity.

Main Results:

  • Observation of a series of discrete superconducting phases in FeSe thin flakes, distinct from a typical superconducting dome.
  • These discrete phases remain robust against 20% sulfur substitution for selenium.
  • Superconductivity is highly sensitive to minor substitutions (2% Cu for Fe), emphasizing the critical role of the intact iron site.

Conclusions:

  • The superconducting phase diagram of FeSe derivatives is unique and differs significantly from those of other unconventional superconductors.
  • The findings highlight the importance of carrier concentration and the integrity of the iron site in stabilizing superconductivity in FeSe.
  • This work provides new insights into the complex phase behavior of iron-based superconductors.