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Metallic Solids

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....

Structures of Solids

Structures of Solids

Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...

Bonding in Metals

Bonding in Metals

Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”.

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...

Alkali Metals

Alkali Metals

Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals

Network Covalent Solids

Network Covalent Solids

Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Preparation of Fungal and Plant Materials for Structural Elucidation Using Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Solid-State NMR

Preparation of Fungal and Plant Materials for Structural Elucidation Using Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Solid-State NMR

Published on: February 12, 2019

Metal centers in biomolecular solid-state NMR.

José Malanho Silva¹, Linda Cerofolini², Stefano Giuntini³

¹Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence and Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine, Via L. Sacconi 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy; UCIBIO-Requimte, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal.

Journal of Structural Biology

|December 4, 2018

Summary

Solid state NMR (SSNMR) is a powerful tool for studying paramagnetic biomolecules. This review explores how understanding different metal centers can improve experimental success in SSNMR analysis.

Keywords:

Biosolids Electronic structure Paramagnetic NMR Resolution Sensitivity

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Area of Science:

Biophysical Chemistry
Structural Biology
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Background:

Solid-state NMR (SSNMR) has advanced significantly for characterizing paramagnetic systems.
Improvements in resolution and sensitivity of SSNMR benefit the study of paramagnetic biomolecules.
The electronic properties of metal centers influence SSNMR spectral quality and experimental feasibility.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an overview of paramagnetic center properties relevant to SSNMR.
To guide researchers in selecting appropriate paramagnetic systems for successful SSNMR experiments.
To enhance the application of SSNMR in studying paramagnetic biomolecules.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on SSNMR of paramagnetic systems.
Analysis of the impact of diverse metal center electronic properties on SSNMR spectra.
Discussion of strategies to optimize SSNMR experiments for paramagnetic biomolecules.

Main Results:

Paramagnetic centers exhibit varied effects on SSNMR spectral quality.
Certain paramagnetic properties can be leveraged to enhance spectral resolution and sensitivity.
Not all paramagnetic systems are equally amenable to SSNMR characterization.

Conclusions:

Understanding paramagnetic center properties is crucial for successful SSNMR studies.
Strategic selection of metal centers can significantly improve experimental outcomes in SSNMR.
Advancements in SSNMR techniques offer new avenues for investigating paramagnetic biomolecular systems.