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Cell Specific Gene Expression

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...

What is Gene Expression?

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Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
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SN1 Reaction: Stereochemistry

S_N1 Reaction: Stereochemistry

This lesson provides an in-depth discussion of the stereochemical outcomes in an SN1 reaction.
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SN1 Reaction: Kinetics

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In an SN2 reaction, the reaction rate depends on both the type of nucleophile and the substrate. A hindered tertiary alkyl halide is practically inert to the SN2 mechanism despite using a strong nucleophile.
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SN1 Reaction: Mechanism

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Primary Orthotopic Glioma Xenografts Recapitulate Infiltrative Growth and Isocitrate Dehydrogenase I Mutation

Primary Orthotopic Glioma Xenografts Recapitulate Infiltrative Growth and Isocitrate Dehydrogenase I Mutation

Published on: January 14, 2014

Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 Expression in Canine Gliomas.

A R Fraser¹, B Bacci², M A le Chevoir¹

¹Translational Research and Animal Clinical Trial Studies Group, Section of Veterinary Neurology and Neurosurgery, Australia.

Journal of Comparative Pathology

|December 4, 2018

Summary

The IDH1 R132H mutation, common in human gliomas, was not found in canine gliomas. This suggests it may not be a useful biomarker or treatment target for dogs.

Keywords:

dog gene mutation glioma isocitrate dehydrogenase 1

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Isolation and Expansion of Adult Canine Hippocampal Neural Precursors

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Primary Orthotopic Glioma Xenografts Recapitulate Infiltrative Growth and Isocitrate Dehydrogenase I Mutation

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Published on: January 14, 2014

Evaluation of Biomarkers in Glioma by Immunohistochemistry on Paraffin-Embedded 3D Glioma Neurosphere Cultures

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Isolation and Expansion of Adult Canine Hippocampal Neural Precursors

Isolation and Expansion of Adult Canine Hippocampal Neural Precursors

Published on: November 29, 2016

Area of Science:

Comparative oncology
Molecular pathology
Genetics

Background:

Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) gene mutations at codon 132 are prevalent in human gliomas, particularly the IDH1 R132H variant.
IDH1 mutations are linked to improved prognosis and treatment response in human glioma patients.
Canine gliomas share morphological and immunohistochemical similarities with human gliomas, suggesting potential shared genetic alterations.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the presence of the IDH1 R132H point mutation in canine gliomas.
To determine if the prognostic significance of IDH1 mutations in human gliomas is transferable to canine gliomas.

Main Methods:

Immunohistochemistry was used to examine 31 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded canine gliomas.
Specimens were assessed for both IDH1 R132H expression and pan-IDH1 (wild-type and mutated IDH1).

Main Results:

Pan-IDH1 expression was detected in all 31 canine gliomas (100%).
The specific IDH1 R132H point mutation was not identified in any of the canine glioma specimens (0%).

Conclusions:

The IDH1 R132H point mutation was not found in this cohort of canine gliomas.
IDH1 R132H may not serve as a reliable biomarker or therapeutic target for canine gliomas.
Further research is needed to explore other potential IDH1 gene mutations in canine gliomas.