Positive correlation between fluoride release and acid erosion of restorative glass-ionomer cements

The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a correlation between acid erosion and fluoride release of conventional glass ionomer cements.

Ten specimens for each material were prepared for fluoride release tests and five for acid erosion tests separately. After placed in pH cycling solution, concentration of fluoride was measured by a fluoride-ion selective electrode each day for 15 days. For the acid erosion test, specimens were immersed in a lactic acid solution and their depth measured with a spring-loaded dial gauge. The data were submitted to 3-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test (p<0.05) RESULTS: All materials showed ability to elute fluoride in the 15 day period of the test, with the same pattern of high fluoride release at the first 24h. Despite this, the amount of fluoride released was statistically different among the 18 groups, with the highest for Maxxion R and the lowest for Chemfil Rock (p>0.05). The highest acid erosion values were registered for Magic Glass, Ion Z, VitroFil and Maxxion R, which exceeded the maximum stipulated by the relevant ISO test (ISO 9917-1). A positive linear correlation (r²=0.4886) was found for both properties, i.e., higher fluoride release is related to higher acid erosion.

Acid erosion and fluoride release are related properties of GICs, though factors such as pH and P/L ratio lead to differences between actual values for individual brands of these materials.