Repeatability of a Multi-segment Foot Model with a 15-Marker Set in Normal Children

Area of Science:

• Biomechanics
• Pediatric Gait Analysis
• Foot and Ankle Motion

Background:

• Three-dimensional multi-segment foot models (3D MFMs) offer superior insight into foot and ankle pathologies compared to single-segment models.
• Validation of 3D MFM repeatability is crucial for clinical application, yet data in pediatric populations is scarce.
• This study addresses the lack of research on MFM repeatability in children.

Purpose of the Study:

• To validate the intrasession, intersession, and interrater repeatability of a 15-marker set three-dimensional multi-segment foot model (DuPont foot model).
• To assess the reliability of this model in evaluating the foot motion of healthy children.

Main Methods:

• Twenty healthy children (10 boys, 10 girls) participated, with 20 feet assessed.
• Participants were divided into two groups for intersession (same operator) and interrater (different operators) analyses.
• Repeatability was quantified using the multiple correlation coefficient (CMC) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) across the gait cycle.

Main Results:

• Excellent intrasession repeatability was observed for all parameters (CMC and ICC).
• Good to better repeatability was found for intersession CMC values.
• Interrater repeatability (CMC and ICC) was generally lower than intrasession and intersession, though mean gaps were comparable to previous studies.

Conclusions:

• The 15-marker set 3D MFM demonstrates high intrasession, intersession, and interrater repeatability for assessing foot motion in healthy children.
• While generally reliable, caution is advised when interpreting hindfoot parameters.
• This model shows promise for pediatric clinical use in gait analysis.