Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Dissonance01:38

Cognitive Dissonance

37.5K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
37.5K
Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

799
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
799
Cognitive Therapy01:25

Cognitive Therapy

1.0K
Cognitive therapy, pioneered by Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s, is a structured approach to addressing psychological distress by focusing on the influence of thoughts on emotions and behaviors. All cognitive therapies involve the basic assumption that human beings have control over their feelings, and that how individuals feel about something depends on how they think about it. Unlike psychoanalytic methods that delve into unconscious processes or humanistic approaches emphasizing...
1.0K
Cognition and Behavior01:23

Cognition and Behavior

371
Social psychology examines the complex interplay between individual mental processes and social interactions. Historically, the field was divided into two domains: social behavior and social cognition. Researchers focusing on social behavior analyzed actions within social contexts, such as conformity, aggression, or cooperation. Meanwhile, social cognition researchers investigated how people perceive, interpret, and mentally represent their social environments. However, modern perspectives no...
371
Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

1.1K
Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
1.1K
Introduction to Cognitive Psychology01:20

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

2.4K
Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem-solving, as well as other cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology studies how information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing.
This field emerged in the mid-20th century, following a period dominated by behaviorism, which...
2.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Diet's rapid effects on the thyroid gland challenge unidirectional assumptions about hypothyroidism and energy balance.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2026
Same author

Measuring deiodinase activity: a need for standardization?

European thyroid journal·2026
Same author

Activity of Cardiomyocyte Type 3 Deiodinase After Myocardial Infarction Influences Cardiac Recovery in Females.

Endocrinology·2025
Same author

Increased spontaneous physical activity in female MEST-deficient mice protects against diet-induced obesity.

Frontiers in endocrinology·2025
Same author

DIO3 coordinates photoreceptor development timing and fate stability in human retinal organoids.

Genes & development·2025
Same author

Using plasma cell-free mRNA to profile immune response and myocardial damage in immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced myocarditis.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease
10:28

Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease

Published on: July 24, 2019

16.3K

Cognitive function in hypothyroidism: what is that deiodinase again?

Arturo Hernandez

    The Journal of Clinical Investigation
    |December 4, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    A common genetic variant reduces the activity of type 2 deiodinase (DIO2), impacting thyroid hormone conversion. This affects brain T3 levels, glial cell stress, and cognitive function, with implications for hypothyroidism treatment.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Neuroscience
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Thyroid hormone replacement therapy for hypothyroidism often relies on thyroxine (T4) monotherapy.
    • The conversion of T4 to the active form, 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), is crucial for effective thyroid hormone action.
    • Individual variations in this conversion process can lead to suboptimal treatment outcomes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the enzymatic activity of a common genetic variant of type 2 deiodinase (DIO2).
    • To elucidate the functional consequences of this DIO2 variant on brain T3 levels, glial cell endoplasmic reticulum stress, and cognitive function.
    • To understand the clinical implications for hypothyroidism treatment and susceptibility to neurological and metabolic diseases.

    Main Methods:

    More Related Videos

    Behavioral Assessment of Visual Function via Optomotor Response and Cognitive Function via Y-Maze in Diabetic Rats
    07:41

    Behavioral Assessment of Visual Function via Optomotor Response and Cognitive Function via Y-Maze in Diabetic Rats

    Published on: October 23, 2020

    6.8K
    Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
    10:13

    Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

    Published on: February 14, 2014

    14.2K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Feb 1, 2026

    Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease
    10:28

    Dynamic Digital Biomarkers of Motor and Cognitive Function in Parkinson's Disease

    Published on: July 24, 2019

    16.3K
    Behavioral Assessment of Visual Function via Optomotor Response and Cognitive Function via Y-Maze in Diabetic Rats
    07:41

    Behavioral Assessment of Visual Function via Optomotor Response and Cognitive Function via Y-Maze in Diabetic Rats

    Published on: October 23, 2020

    6.8K
    Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
    10:13

    Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

    Published on: February 14, 2014

    14.2K
  • Enzyme activity assays to assess the function of the DIO2 variant.
  • In vivo and in vitro models to evaluate brain T3 levels and glial cell responses.
  • Cognitive function assessments in relevant models.

    • Main Results:

    • The common genetic variant of DIO2 exhibits reduced enzymatic activity compared to the wild-type enzyme.
    • This reduced activity leads to decreased T3 availability in the brain.
    • The variant is associated with increased endoplasmic reticulum stress in glial cells and impaired cognitive function.

    Conclusions:

    • Reduced DIO2 enzymatic activity due to a common genetic variant contributes to suboptimal thyroid hormone conversion.
    • This variant has significant functional consequences on brain T3 levels, glial cell health, and cognitive performance.
    • Findings highlight the importance of considering genetic variations in DIO2 for personalized hypothyroidism treatment and understanding disease susceptibility.