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Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Isolation of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells from Mouse Nasal Mucosa to Detect the Expression of CD226
Published on: May 10, 2022
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells and eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis
Ichiro Tojima1, Takeshi Shimizu
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
Purpose Of Review:
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease and is recently classified into two phenotypes, eosinophilic CRS (ECRS) and non-ECRS. ECRS is characterized by Th2-biased eosinophilic inflammation, and non-ECRS is characterized by Th1-biased neutrophilic inflammation. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) rapidly produce large amounts of Th2 cytokines and exert critical roles in Th2-type immune responses. We summarize our current knowledge about the pathogenic roles of ILC2s in ECRS.
Recent Findings:
The prevalence of ILC2s is increased in nasal polyps, and it is positively correlated with the number of infiltrating eosinophils. Epithelium-derived cytokines (IL-33, IL-25, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin), cysteinyl leukotrienes, and prostaglandin D2 stimulate the production of Th2 cytokines from ILC2s, which drives eosinophilic inflammation in nasal mucosa. Regulation of ILC2s would be a novel therapeutic approach for the refractory and/or recurrent cases of ECRS.
Summary:
Increased ILC2s play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of ECRS by producing large amounts of Th2 cytokines, which lead to Th2-type eosinophilic inflammation in nasal polyps.
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