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Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Methods for In Vivo Biomechanical Testing on Brachial Plexus in Neonatal Piglets
Published on: December 19, 2019
Quantitative assessment of elbow flexion by handheld dynamometry in brachial plexus palsy
Abdelhakim Marei1,2, Kazuteru Doi1, Yasunori Hattori1
11 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ogori Daiichi General Hospital, Ogori, Yamaguchi City, Japan.
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to assess the relative and absolute reliability of a handheld dynamometer when used for examining elbow flexion power in patients with brachial plexus palsy. The assessment of the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability coefficients for the handheld dynamometer was done using the stationary Kin-Com® dynamometer as the reference standard. We determined the measurement errors and checked the systematic biases of the handheld dynamometer. The inter-rater and intra-rater reliabilities of the handheld dynamometer had a very high intraclass correlation coefficient. The values of handheld dynamometer readings had a high correlation to Kin-Com® readings. The Medical Research Council grading was a comparatively inaccurate method for quantitative assessment of motor power. We conclude that a handheld dynamometer measurement is more precise and reliable than the Medical Research Council grading for measuring recovery of elbow flexion in patients with brachial plexus palsy. Level of evidence: III.
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