Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 1, 2026
19:53
Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
106.5K
Predicting Perceived Disfigurement from Facial Function in Patients with Unilateral Paralysis
Sofia Lyford-Pike1, Nathaniel E Helwig1, Nick E Sohre1
1From the Departments of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Psychology, and Computer Science and Engineering, and the School of Statistics, University of Minnesota; and the Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School.
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
|December 5, 2018
Summary
Clinical facial function scores, like the electronic, clinician-graded facial function (eFACE) scale, correlate with how disfigured patients with facial paralysis appear to casual observers. Better eFACE scores mean less perceived disfigurement.
Area of Science:
- Facial paralysis research
- Clinical assessment tools
- Observer perception studies
Background:
- Clinical rating tools like the electronic, clinician-graded facial function (eFACE) scale assess facial paralysis.
- Previous studies link eFACE scores to expert disfigurement ratings.
- No studies have linked eFACE scores to casual observers' perceptions of facial disfigurement.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine if eFACE scores relate to casual observers' perceptions of disfigurement in facial paralysis.
- To identify which aspects of facial function are most influential in observer judgments.
Main Methods:
- 539 casual observers viewed videos of 61 patients with unilateral facial paralysis.
- Observer ratings of disfigurement were collected.
- Mixed-effect regression models analyzed the relationship between eFACE scores and observer ratings.
Main Results:
- Higher eFACE scores (improved function) correlated with lower perceived disfigurement.
- Resting face, total movement capability, and synkinesis significantly predicted observer ratings.
Conclusions:
- A clear link exists between clinician-assessed eFACE scores and layperson perceptions of disfigurement.
- Findings highlight key clinical features of facial dysfunction impacting social perception.
- Insights can inform patients and clinicians about social implications of facial paralysis.
Related Concept Videos
01:21Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location
987
The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by...
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by...
987
02:27Predicting Molecular Geometry
45.8K
VSEPR Theory for Determination of Electron Pair Geometries
45.8K
01:14Muscles for Facial Expressions
4.9K
The craniofacial muscles are a collection of approximately 20 thin skeletal muscles situated beneath the skin of the face and scalp. These muscles, primarily responsible for the vast array of human facial expressions, originate from the bones or fibrous structures of the skull and extend outwards to connect with the skin. While most skeletal muscles in the body are enveloped in thick fascia, facial muscles generally have a more delicate fascial covering, with the buccinator muscle being a...
4.9K
01:24Facial Feedback Hypothesis
663
Charles Darwin proposed that facial expressions are an evolutionary adaptation for communication. He argued that these expressions are not influenced by culture but are universal across species. For example, a snarling expression with exposed teeth signals a threat in many animals, including humans. Darwin also suggested that displaying an emotion can intensify the feeling. Smiling, for example, could enhance one's sense of happiness. This idea laid the foundation for understanding the role...
663
01:03Prediction Intervals
3.4K
The interval estimate of any variable is known as the prediction interval. It helps decide if a point estimate is dependable.
However, the point estimate is most likely not the exact value of the population parameter, but close to it. After calculating point estimates, we construct interval estimates, called confidence intervals or prediction intervals. This prediction interval comprises a range of values unlike the point estimate and is a better predictor of the observed sample value, y.
However, the point estimate is most likely not the exact value of the population parameter, but close to it. After calculating point estimates, we construct interval estimates, called confidence intervals or prediction intervals. This prediction interval comprises a range of values unlike the point estimate and is a better predictor of the observed sample value, y.
3.4K
01:07End Point Prediction: Gran Plot
1.2K
A Gran plot is used to predict the equivalence volume or endpoint of a potentiometric or acid-base titration without reaching the endpoint. Typically, titration data is collected as a function of the titrant's volume up to a point less than the equivalence volume and then transformed into a linear format. The straight line is extended to the x-axis, indicating the necessary titrant volume to achieve the equivalence point.
For potentiometric titration, the Gran plot is created by plotting...
For potentiometric titration, the Gran plot is created by plotting...
1.2K