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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
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Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions01:12

Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions

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Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
When the tumor suppressor genes develop mutations or are lost, cells start growing out of control, leading to cancer. However, a single functional copy of the tumor suppressor gene is enough for the cells to maintain their normal functions and cell...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

A Three-dimensional Thymic Culture System to Generate Murine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Tumor Antigen-specific Thymic Emigrants
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A Three-dimensional Thymic Culture System to Generate Murine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Tumor Antigen-specific Thymic Emigrants

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[Thymic tumors].

Nicolas Girard1,2, Claire Merveilleux Du Vignaux1,2, Thierry Molina1,3

  • 1Centre expert national pour la prise en charge des thymomes et carcinomes thymiques, RYTHMIC, Réseau tumeurs thymiques et cancer.

La Revue Du Praticien
|December 5, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thymic epithelial tumors, rare and aggressive, include thymomas and thymic carcinomas. Complete surgical resection is key for survival, with chemotherapy and radiotherapy for unresectable cases.

Keywords:
Maladies raresTumeurs thymiques

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Thymic epithelial tumors are rare, aggressive malignancies with variable prognoses.
  • Histopathological classification separates thymomas and thymic carcinomas.
  • Autoimmune conditions, like myasthenia gravis, affect approximately one-third of patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for thymic malignancies.
  • To highlight the importance of surgical resectability in patient survival.
  • To introduce the RYTHMIC network for managing thymic malignancies.

Main Methods:

  • Histopathological classification of thymic epithelial tumors.
  • Assessment of tumor resectability as a primary therapeutic step.
  • Multimodal treatment approaches including chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy for unresectable tumors.

Main Results:

  • Complete tumor resection is the most significant prognostic factor for survival.
  • Unresectable thymic tumors are managed with induction chemotherapy followed by surgery or radiotherapy.
  • The RYTHMIC network was established in 2012 to centralize expert management.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of thymic tumors requires accurate histopathological diagnosis and assessment of resectability.
  • A multidisciplinary approach involving chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy is crucial for unresectable cases.
  • Specialized networks like RYTHMIC enhance the care of patients with rare thymic malignancies.