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Related Concept Videos

Nucleic Acids02:43

Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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Nucleic Acids02:43

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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides01:20

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and have instructions for its functioning. The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
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Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids01:28

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Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
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Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes
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Microsatellite instability test using peptide nucleic acid probe-mediated melting point analysis: a comparison study.

Mi Jang1, Yujin Kwon1,2, Hoguen Kim1,2

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Summary

A new peptide nucleic acid probe (PNA)-mediated real-time PCR method offers a highly sensitive and specific approach for detecting high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) in colorectal cancer (CRC). This PNA method is a practical laboratory diagnostic tool for MSI.

Keywords:
Colorectal cancerMicrosatellite instabilityPeptide nucleic acid probe and immunohistochemistryReal-time polymerase chain reaction

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Diagnostics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • High microsatellite instability (MSI-H) is crucial for colorectal carcinoma (CRC) prognosis and adjuvant therapy selection.
  • Conventional MSI analysis methods like PCR fragment analysis and immunohistochemistry (IHC) have limitations despite high accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the diagnostic performance of a novel peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-mediated real-time PCR method for MSI detection in CRC.
  • To compare the PNA method with conventional PCR (NCI and MNR methods) and IHC analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed MSI detection performance using three molecular tests: PNA-mediated real-time PCR, NCI PCR, and MNR PCR.
  • Included immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of mismatch repair proteins.
  • Validated methods on 166 CRC patient samples (76 MSI-H, 90 MSS) previously diagnosed by NCI method.

Main Results:

  • PNA method demonstrated 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity for MSI-H detection.
  • IHC and MNR methods showed 98.68% sensitivity and 100% specificity.
  • PNA method detected alterations in samples with as low as 5% MSI-H DNA, compared to 20% required by MNR.

Conclusions:

  • The PNA-mediated real-time PCR method is a highly sensitive and specific tool for MSI diagnosis in CRC.
  • The PNA method is a practical and effective laboratory test for MSI detection.