Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
05:46

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Published on: April 9, 2014

18.4K

Revised Antituberculosis Drug Doses and Hepatotoxicity in HIV Negative Children

C K Indumathi1, Aruna Sethuraman2, Saurav Jain2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, St John's Medical College Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. ckindumathi@gmail.com.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|December 6, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Revised World Health Organization (WHO) doses for anti-tuberculosis drugs did not increase hepatitis incidence in HIV-negative children compared to older doses. No hepatitis occurred with isoniazid prophylactic therapy (IPT).

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Hepatotoxicity is a significant concern during anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT).
  • Dosing recommendations for ATT have been revised by the World Health Organization (WHO).
  • The impact of revised WHO dosing on anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity (ATDH) in children is not well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the incidence of ATDH in HIV-negative children receiving old versus revised WHO doses of anti-tuberculosis drugs.
  • To determine the overall incidence of hepatitis in children on ATT and isoniazid prophylactic therapy (IPT).

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study included 515 HIV-negative children on ATT or IPT between 2007 and 2017.
  • Children were divided into Group 1 (old doses, 2007-2011) and Group 2 (revised doses, 2012-2017).
  • Exclusion criteria included multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) and pre-existing liver disease.

Main Results:

  • Overall incidence of ATDH was 2.3% (12/515 children).
  • Hepatitis incidence was 1.9% with old doses versus 2.7% with revised doses (not statistically significant).
  • No hepatitis occurred in children receiving IPT, and no mortality was observed.

Conclusions:

  • Revised WHO dosing for ATT does not increase the incidence of hepatitis in HIV-negative children.
  • The overall incidence of ATDH in this pediatric cohort was low.
  • IPT appears safe regarding hepatitis development in children.
Abstract

Keywords:
AntituberculosisDrug induced hepatotoxicityRevised doses

More Related Videos

Drug-Induced Senescence in Liver Cells Promotes M2 Macrophage Polarization: Implications for Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Associated Hepatotoxicity09:32

Drug-Induced Senescence in Liver Cells Promotes M2 Macrophage Polarization: Implications for Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Associated Hepatotoxicity

Published on: October 17, 2025

487
Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays13:58

Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays

Published on: September 26, 2011

32.2K

Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
295
Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
274
Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
266
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant01:25

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Dose Adjustments Based on Drug Clearance and Elimination Rate Constant

In patients with renal disease, dosage adjustments are necessary to maintain therapeutic plasma drug concentrations and prevent toxicity or subtherapeutic exposure. Renal impairment alters drug pharmacokinetics, especially in conditions like uremia, where changes such as prolonged elimination half-life and altered apparent volume of distribution can significantly affect drug disposition. These changes require careful modification of the dosing regimen to achieve the desired clinical...
225
Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Repetitive IV Injections01:21

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Repetitive IV Injections

Calculating drug dosage and accumulation in multiple-dose regimens is crucial for achieving therapeutic efficacy while avoiding toxicity. This involves determining the plasma drug concentrations over time to optimize dosing schedules. The principle of superposition is fundamental in this process, allowing for the prediction of drug concentration in plasma following multiple doses based on single-dose data.The principle of superposition asserts that the plasma concentration-time curves from...
281
Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions01:24

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...
253