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Long-term red wine (RW) consumption in healthy men was linked to higher coronary artery calcification (CAC). Despite increased CAC, RW drinkers experienced fewer major adverse cardiac events (MACE), suggesting plaque stabilization.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Preventive Medicine
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is a marker of atherosclerosis.
  • Elevated CAC does not always correlate with adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
  • The impact of habitual red wine (RW) consumption on cardiovascular health and CAC requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical evolution of long-term habitual red wine drinkers in relation to their coronary artery calcification (CAC) levels.
  • To compare the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) between red wine drinkers and abstainers.
  • To explore the prognostic significance of CAC in the context of red wine consumption.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study followed 200 healthy male habitual red wine drinkers and 154 abstainers for 5.5 years.
  • Coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) was used to quantify CAC (Agatston score).
  • Major adverse cardiac events (MACE), including death, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and coronary revascularization, were assessed during follow-up.

Main Results:

  • Red wine drinkers exhibited significantly higher CAC scores compared to abstainers (mean 131.5 vs 40.5, P<0.001).
  • Despite higher CAC, red wine drinkers had significantly lower MACE rates.
  • Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was notably lower in the red wine drinking group (0 vs 6, P<0.03).

Conclusions:

  • Elevated CAC in long-term red wine drinkers did not predict a worse cardiovascular prognosis.
  • Habitual red wine consumption may be associated with plaque stabilization, leading to fewer clinical events.
  • Further research into the mechanisms of plaque stabilization in red wine drinkers is warranted.