Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

33.0K
Overview
33.0K
Reactivity of Enols01:18

Reactivity of Enols

4.1K
Enols are a class of compounds where a hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon–carbon double bond, which implies that it is a vinyl alcohol. A carbonyl compound with an α hydrogen undergoes keto–enol tautomerism and remains in equilibrium with its tautomer, the enol form. Usually, the keto tautomer is present in a higher concentration than the enol tautomer due to the higher bond energy of C=O compared to C=C. Moreover, the direction of the keto–enol equilibrium is...
4.1K
Reactivity of Enolate Ions01:23

Reactivity of Enolate Ions

3.3K
Enolate ions are formed by the acid–base reaction of a carbonyl compound with a base. This leads to deprotonation of the α hydrogen atom, leading to a resonance-stabilized enolate ion where one of the contributing structures is an oxyanion, which imparts additional stability. Therefore, the proton on the α carbon is more acidic in nature than that of other sp3-hybridized C–H bonds but less acidic than those in O–H bonds where the negative charge in the conjugate...
3.3K
Body Temperature01:25

Body Temperature

4.4K
The body's temperature, measured in degrees, is determined by the balance between heat production and dissipation to the surrounding environment. For instance, if exercising vigorously, the body will produce more heat, causing sweat and dissipating that heat. Despite extreme environmental conditions and physical exertion, the human temperature-control system maintains a constant core body temperature (the temperature of deep tissues, which are the tissues located beneath the skin and other...
4.4K
Body Temperature01:07

Body Temperature

1.4K
Body temperature reflects the equilibrium between heat production and heat loss within the body. Most heat is generated by metabolically active tissues, particularly the liver, heart, brain, kidneys, and endocrine organs. At rest, skeletal muscles contribute 20–30% of total heat production, but during vigorous exercise, this can increase up to 30–40 times.
The average body temperature is approximately 37°C (98.6°F) and typically ranges from 36.1–37.2°C...
1.4K
Effects of Temperature on Free Energy02:11

Effects of Temperature on Free Energy

28.3K
The spontaneity of a process depends upon the temperature of the system. Phase transitions, for example, will proceed spontaneously in one direction or the other depending upon the temperature of the substance in question. Likewise, some chemical reactions can also exhibit temperature-dependent spontaneities. To illustrate this concept, the equation relating free energy change to the enthalpy and entropy changes for the process is considered:
28.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

pH-Swing membrane adsorption of perfluoroalkyl substances: Anion-exchange brushes and role of water chemistry.

Separation and purification technology·2026
Same author

Dual-functional adsorptive membranes for PFAS removal: Mechanism, CFD simulation, and selective enrichment.

Chemical engineering journal (Lausanne, Switzerland : 1996)·2026
Same author

Tunable retention and recovery via pore-to-particle interactions in amine functionalized micro- and ultrafiltration Membranes: Towards scalable viral vector purification.

Journal of membrane science·2026
Same author

Charge-Governed Mechanistic Evaluation of AAV2 Clarification via Functionalized Flat Sheet and Hollow Fiber Deconstructed Depth Filters.

Biotechnology and bioengineering·2026
Same author

Adsorptive nanofibrous membranes for bidirectional removal of cationic and anionic dyes.

Separation and purification technology·2026
Same author

Functionalization of Microfiltration Media Towards Catalytic Hydrogenation of Selected Halo-Organics from Water.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Mandrel Diameter Is a Dominating Parameter for Fiber Alignment Control in Rotating Mandrel Electrospinning Systems.

Journal of applied polymer science·2026
Same journal

EFFECT OF SURFACE TEXTURES ON LONG-TERM MECHANICAL DURABILITY OF POLYMERS UNDER MOISTURE ENVIRONMENTS.

Journal of applied polymer science·2026
Same journal

EFFECT OF SURFACE TEXTURING ON MECHANICAL DURABILITY OF POLYMERS UNDER PHYSIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT.

Journal of applied polymer science·2026
Same journal

Influence of Soft Segment Length and Crosslink Density on the Properties of Thermoreversible Diels-Alder Polyurethanes.

Journal of applied polymer science·2025
Same journal

A process optimization and release modeling of coaxial electrospun aligned core-shell poly (ethylene oxide-poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide)) nanofibers encapsulating nerve growth factor.

Journal of applied polymer science·2025
Same journal

Regulatory potency of oligomeric proanthocyanidins (PACs) on extrafibrillar and intrafibrillar collagen mineralization.

Journal of applied polymer science·2025
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Injectable Supramolecular Polymer-Nanoparticle Hydrogels for Cell and Drug Delivery Applications
09:39

Injectable Supramolecular Polymer-Nanoparticle Hydrogels for Cell and Drug Delivery Applications

Published on: February 7, 2021

8.9K

Temperature Responsive Hydrogel with Reactive Nanoparticles.

Li Xiao1, Austin B Isner1, J Zach Hilt1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0046.

Journal of Applied Polymer Science
|December 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study integrates temperature-responsive hydrogels with iron and iron/palladium nanoparticles for enhanced nanoscale catalysis. The smart hydrogel system controllably degrades trichloroethylene (TCE) within a specific temperature range.

Keywords:
catalystscopolymersgelsnanoparticlesstimuli-sensitive polymers

More Related Videos

Hydrogel Nanoparticle Harvesting of Plasma or Urine for Detecting Low Abundance Proteins
10:05

Hydrogel Nanoparticle Harvesting of Plasma or Urine for Detecting Low Abundance Proteins

Published on: August 7, 2014

14.4K
Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning
12:07

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

Published on: April 16, 2018

14.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Injectable Supramolecular Polymer-Nanoparticle Hydrogels for Cell and Drug Delivery Applications
09:39

Injectable Supramolecular Polymer-Nanoparticle Hydrogels for Cell and Drug Delivery Applications

Published on: February 7, 2021

8.9K
Hydrogel Nanoparticle Harvesting of Plasma or Urine for Detecting Low Abundance Proteins
10:05

Hydrogel Nanoparticle Harvesting of Plasma or Urine for Detecting Low Abundance Proteins

Published on: August 7, 2014

14.4K
Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning
12:07

Fabricating Degradable Thermoresponsive Hydrogels on Multiple Length Scales via Reactive Extrusion, Microfluidics, Self-assembly, and Electrospinning

Published on: April 16, 2018

14.0K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Environmental Chemistry

Background:

  • Temperature-responsive hydrogels offer tunable properties for advanced applications.
  • Nanomaterials exhibit high catalytic reactivity for chemical transformations.
  • Combining these materials presents opportunities for novel catalytic systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize iron (Fe) and iron/palladium (Fe/Pd) nanoparticles within a temperature-responsive hydrogel.
  • To investigate the catalytic activity of these nanocomposites for dechlorination reactions.
  • To explore the role of temperature-induced hydrogel transitions on catalytic performance.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of Fe and Fe/Pd nanoparticles (40-70 nm) within N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and NIPAAm-PAA hydrogels.
  • Utilizing trichloroethylene (TCE) as a model pollutant for dechlorination assays.
  • Evaluating catalytic activity across a temperature range of 30-34°C, near the hydrogel's lower critical solution temperature (LCST).

Main Results:

  • Nanoparticles were successfully entrapped and stabilized within the hydrogel network.
  • Enhanced and controllable dechlorination of TCE was observed in the 30-34°C range.
  • Hydrogel's transition from hydrophilic to hydrophobic state at LCST significantly influenced catalytic activity.

Conclusions:

  • Temperature-responsive hydrogels provide a tunable platform for nanoscale catalytic reactions.
  • The developed Fe/Fe/Pd nanoparticle-hydrogel system demonstrates effective and controllable environmental remediation capabilities.
  • Water fraction modulation and pollutant partitioning within the hydrogel are key factors in catalytic efficiency.