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Cross-language differences in how voice quality and f 0 contours map to affect.

Irena Yanushevskaya1, Christer Gobl1, Ailbhe Ní Chasaide1

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Non-modal voice qualities, not just pitch (f0) contours, are key for conveying emotion across languages. Cultural differences in affect perception highlight the complexity of prosodic communication.

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Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Psychology
  • Acoustic Phonetics

Background:

  • Prosody, encompassing voice quality and f0 contour, significantly influences perceived affect.
  • Understanding cross-linguistic variations in affect perception is crucial for effective communication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interplay of voice quality, f0 contour, and language background in perceived affect.
  • To compare how different prosodic features cue affect across speakers of Irish English, Russian, Japanese, and Spanish.

Main Methods:

  • Perception tests using synthetic stimuli varying in voice quality and f0 contour.
  • Participants rated stimuli on six bipolar scales (e.g., happy-sad).
  • Analysis of affect perception across four distinct language groups.

Main Results:

  • Non-modal voice qualities, with or without f0 variation, were more effective in signaling affect than f0 variation alone.
  • Significant cross-linguistic similarities and divergences in affect perception were observed.
  • f0 contour and tense voice played differential roles in affect signaling across languages, notably in Japanese and Spanish versus Irish English and Russian.

Conclusions:

  • Voice quality is a critical, often underestimated, component of affective prosody.
  • Language background significantly modulates the perception and interpretation of affective cues in speech.
  • Affective prosody research must account for both universal and language-specific patterns.