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Cepstral Peak Prominence: Normative Values for Clinical Voice Assessment-A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

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Cepstral Peak Prominence (CPP) and smoothed CPP (CPPS) values in healthy adults show significant sex-based differences. Standardization of methods is crucial for reliable normative data in clinical voice assessment.

Keywords:
Acoustic analysisCPPCPPSCepstral Peak ProminenceNormative dataVoice assessment

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Area of Science:

  • Speech Science
  • Acoustic Analysis
  • Voice Disorders

Background:

  • Cepstral Peak Prominence (CPP) and its smoothed version (CPPS) are acoustic measures used in voice analysis.
  • Understanding normative CPP/CPPS values is essential for clinical voice assessment.
  • Previous research has reported varying CPP/CPPS values, necessitating a synthesis of existing evidence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize reported CPP and CPPS values in normophonic adults.
  • To examine the influence of factors like sex, age, language, speech task, software, and recording conditions on cepstral measures.
  • To perform meta-analyses on CPP/CPPS data, particularly examining sex-based differences across software platforms.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of PubMed, CINHAL, Embase, and Web of Science for studies on CPP/CPPS in vocally healthy adults.
  • Inclusion of peer-reviewed studies reporting normative data or experimental data from normophonic adults.
  • Data extraction using Covidence and synthesis based on demographics, speech tasks, software, and recording conditions; quality assessed using Downs & Black checklist.

Main Results:

  • 122 studies met inclusion criteria, categorized by data collection, investigation of normophonic speech, or control groups.
  • Methodological heterogeneity was substantial, limiting cross-study comparability.
  • Meta-analyses of sustained vowel [a] revealed a significant effect of sex, with higher CPP/CPPS observed in males.

Conclusions:

  • The current evidence base for CPP/CPPS is limited by inconsistent methodologies and lack of standardization.
  • Establishing reliable normative data for clinical voice assessment requires standardized recording and analysis protocols.
  • International collaboration is needed to develop and adopt standardized approaches for CPP/CPPS analysis.