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Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures
Published on: November 21, 2019
Spectrally resolved helium absorption from the extended atmosphere of a warm Neptune-mass exoplanet
R Allart1, V Bourrier2, C Lovis2
1Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève, Université de Genève, Chemin des Maillettes 51, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland. romain.allart@unige.ch.
Abstract:
Stellar heating causes atmospheres of close-in exoplanets to expand and escape. These extended atmospheres are difficult to observe because their main spectral signature-neutral hydrogen at ultraviolet wavelengths-is strongly absorbed by interstellar medium. We report the detection of the near-infrared triplet of neutral helium in the transiting warm Neptune-mass exoplanet HAT-P-11b by using ground-based, high-resolution observations. The helium feature is repeatable over two independent transits, with an average absorption depth of 1.08 ± 0.05%. Interpreting absorption spectra with three-dimensional simulations of the planet's upper atmosphere suggests that it extends beyond 5 planetary radii, with a large-scale height and a helium mass loss rate of ≲3 × 105 grams per second. A net blue-shift of the absorption might be explained by high-altitude winds flowing at 3 kilometers per second from day to night-side.
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