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Multicellular organisms employ a variety of ways for cells to communicate with each other. Gap junctions are specialized proteins that form pores between neighboring cells in animals, connecting the cytoplasm between the two, and allowing for the exchange of molecules and ions. They are found in a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate species, mediate numerous functions including cell differentiation and development, and are associated with numerous human diseases, including cardiac and...
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The cytoplasm of adjacent animal cells can exchange small molecules, ions, and secondary messengers via the communication channels which form the gap junctions. These junctions comprise a few hundred to thousands of molecular channels, each made of two halves, called the connexon hemichannel. A connexon is a hexamer of six transmembrane connexin proteins, which assemble radially, thus forming a pore or channel in the center. One connexon hemichannel docks with a corresponding connexon on the...
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Mnemonic Devices01:23

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Mnemonic devices are cognitive tools that facilitate memory retention by linking new information to familiar patterns or organizational strategies. These techniques are beneficial for remembering complex or lengthy sets of information by simplifying and structuring them in easily retrievable ways.
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Design Example: Identifying the Locations of Monuments in the Field Using Global Positioning System Device01:30

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Surveyors use Global Positioning System (GPS) technology to measure the precise location and elevation of points on Earth. In a recent survey, GPS receivers were used to determine the coordinates and elevations of two park monuments. The process involved careful mission planning, data collection, and correction to ensure accuracy. The survey began with mission planning to identify optimal satellite visibility and minimize Position Dilution of Precision (PDOP). A geodetic control point...
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Analysis of Contact Interfaces for Single GaN Nanowire Devices
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GaP nanowire betavoltaic device.

Simon McNamee1, Devan Wagner1, Elisabetta M Fiordaliso2

  • 1Department of Engineering Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S4L7, Canada.

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|December 8, 2018
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Summary

Researchers developed a betavoltaic device using nickel-63 beta particles and gallium phosphide nanowires. This innovation offers a novel, efficient power source for microelectronic and medical devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Nuclear Engineering

Background:

  • Betavoltaic devices convert radioactive decay energy into electricity.
  • Gallium phosphide (GaP) nanowires offer potential for efficient energy conversion.
  • Need for long-lasting, compact power sources for micro-systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a betavoltaic device utilizing GaP nanowires and a 63Ni radioisotope.
  • To investigate the energy conversion efficiency of GaP nanowire arrays.
  • To explore the potential of this device as a power source for nano-/micro-systems.

Main Methods:

  • Growth of GaP nanowires in a periodic array on silicon substrates via molecular beam epitaxy and self-assisted vapor-liquid-solid method.
  • Fabrication of a betavoltaic device incorporating the GaP nanowire array.
  • Characterization of device performance and comparison with Monte Carlo simulations.

Main Results:

  • Successful fabrication of a betavoltaic device directly converting beta energy into electrical energy.
  • Achieved high energy conversion efficiency by optimizing nanowire packing fraction and length.
  • Experimental results aligned with predictions from Monte Carlo simulations.

Conclusions:

  • The GaP nanowire betavoltaic device efficiently converts beta energy from 63Ni.
  • Utilizing inexpensive silicon substrates and optimized nanowire growth enhances efficiency.
  • This technology presents a viable power solution for mobile electronics, implantable medical devices, and sensor networks.