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Sex differences in gluteal muscle forces during running
C Nathan Vannatta1,2, Thomas W Kernozek2,3
1Sports Physical Therapy Department, Gundersen Health System , Onalaska, WI, USA.
Sports Biomechanics
|December 12, 2018
Summary
Males and females exhibit distinct gluteal muscle forces and hip biomechanics during running. Understanding these sex-related differences in running may help prevent lower extremity injuries.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Sports Medicine
- Human Movement Science
Background:
- Sex differences in lower extremity sports injuries are well-documented.
- Previous research explored sex-based biomechanical factors in running-related injuries, focusing on the hip.
- Understanding sex-related differences in muscle forces is crucial for injury prevention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate sex-based differences in gluteal muscle forces during running.
- To identify sex-related biomechanical factors contributing to running injuries.
- To enhance the understanding of sex-specific running mechanics.
Main Methods:
- Twenty-one healthy male and female runners participated.
- Kinetic and kinematic data were collected while participants ran at a controlled speed.
- Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to compare muscle forces, hip/pelvic kinematics, and hip kinetics between sexes.
Main Results:
- Males generated greater peak gluteus maximus force but lower peak gluteus medius, minimus, and hamstring forces than females.
- Males exhibited less hip adduction, greater hip flexion, and more anterior pelvic tilt compared to females.
- Males produced lower peak hip abduction and external rotation moments than females.
Conclusions:
- Significant sex differences exist in gluteal muscle activation patterns during running.
- Males and females display distinct hip joint kinetics and kinematics while running.
- Further research into these underlying muscle force differences can illuminate sex-specific running biomechanics and inform injury prevention strategies.
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