Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

23.3K
Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together...
23.3K
RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

35.7K
Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
35.7K
mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

6.6K
The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
6.6K
Stability01:28

Stability

418
The time response of a linear time-invariant (LTI) system can be divided into transient and steady-state responses. The transient response represents the system's initial reaction to a change in input and diminishes to zero over time. In contrast, the steady-state response is the behavior that persists after the transient effects have faded.
The stability of an LTI system is determined by the roots of its characteristic equation, known as poles. A system is stable if it produces a bounded...
418
Dehydration Synthesis01:15

Dehydration Synthesis

149.7K
Overview
Dehydration synthesis (also called a condensation reaction) is the chemical process in which two molecules covalently link together to form a new molecule, along with the release of a water molecule. Many physiologically important compounds form by dehydration synthesis reactions, such as complex carbohydrates, proteins, DNA, and RNA.
Synthesis of carbohydrates
Sugar molecules are covalently linked together by dehydration synthesis. During the reaction, the hydroxyl (-OH) group from...
149.7K
Synthesis and Decomposition Reactions02:17

Synthesis and Decomposition Reactions

38.2K
Synthesis and decomposition are two types of redox reactions. Synthesis means to make something, whereas decomposition means to break something. The reactions are accompanied by chemical and energy changes. 
38.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Thermally Activated Vaporization of Fluorocarbon-In-Hydrocarbon Exoskeletal Droplets.

ACS omega·2026
Same author

Size matters: Micro- versus nanobubbles in ultrasound imaging and therapy.

Science advances·2025
Same author

Engineered microbubbles decorated with red emitting carbon nanoparticles for efficient delivery and imaging.

Biomaterials advances·2024
Same author

Experimental and Computational Investigation of Microbubble Formation in a Single Capillary Embedded T-junction Microfluidic Device.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2023
Same author

Microscopic Cracks Modulate Nucleation and Solid-State Crystallization Tendency of Amorphous Celecoxib.

Molecular pharmaceutics·2023
Same author

Effect of Anesthetic Carrier Gas on In Vivo Circulation Times of Intravenously Administered Phospholipid Oxygen Microbubbles in Rats.

Ultrasound in medicine & biology·2023
Same journal

Multidimensional Safety Assessment of a Low-Intensity Scanning Ultrasound (SUS) Protocol in Sheep.

Ultrasound in medicine & biology·2026
Same journal

Acoustic Characterization of a Modified IEC Agar-Based Tissue-Mimicking Material Across the 3.5-50 MHz Frequency Range.

Ultrasound in medicine & biology·2026
Same journal

Deep Learning-Based Standard Section Recognition and Multi-Organ Segmentation in Upper Abdominal Ultrasound.

Ultrasound in medicine & biology·2026
Same journal

Cardiac Natural Mechanical Wave Detection and Speed Estimation Using Deep Learning-Based 2-D Ultrasound Imaging: A Feasibility Study.

Ultrasound in medicine & biology·2026
Same journal

Region-Specific Evaluation of Plaque Segmentation in Cross-sectional Projections of Carotid Ultrasound Images Using Deep Learning Models in a Sub-clinical Atherosclerosis Cohort.

Ultrasound in medicine & biology·2026
Same journal

Simulating the Dedifferentiation Process of Thyroid Cancer: Insights from Mouse Models and Ultrasound Imaging.

Ultrasound in medicine & biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Synthesis of Cd-free InP/ZnS Quantum Dots Suitable for Biomedical Applications
10:56

Synthesis of Cd-free InP/ZnS Quantum Dots Suitable for Biomedical Applications

Published on: February 6, 2016

14.6K

Microbubble Formulations: Synthesis, Stability, Modeling and Biomedical Applications.

Awaneesh Upadhyay1, Sameer V Dalvi1

  • 1Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, India.

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology
|December 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review details microbubble applications in medical imaging and drug delivery. It covers synthesis, stability, and potential side effects of these tiny gas-filled bubbles.

Keywords:
Cancer therapeuticContrast enhancementDissolutionImmunogenicityLipidsMicrobubblesModelingOstwald ripeningProteinsStabilityTargeted drug delivery

More Related Videos

Generation of Alginate Microspheres for Biomedical Applications
10:33

Generation of Alginate Microspheres for Biomedical Applications

Published on: August 12, 2012

21.8K
Synthesis of Keratin-based Nanofiber for Biomedical Engineering
14:43

Synthesis of Keratin-based Nanofiber for Biomedical Engineering

Published on: February 7, 2016

16.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Synthesis of Cd-free InP/ZnS Quantum Dots Suitable for Biomedical Applications
10:56

Synthesis of Cd-free InP/ZnS Quantum Dots Suitable for Biomedical Applications

Published on: February 6, 2016

14.6K
Generation of Alginate Microspheres for Biomedical Applications
10:33

Generation of Alginate Microspheres for Biomedical Applications

Published on: August 12, 2012

21.8K
Synthesis of Keratin-based Nanofiber for Biomedical Engineering
14:43

Synthesis of Keratin-based Nanofiber for Biomedical Engineering

Published on: February 7, 2016

16.0K

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Microbubbles are nanoscale structures with diverse biomedical applications.
  • They consist of a gas core encased in a lipid or protein shell.
  • Current uses include ultrasonic imaging and targeted drug delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of microbubble research.
  • To consolidate information on synthesis, stability, and applications.
  • To discuss modeling of microbubble behavior and associated side effects.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on microbubbles.
  • Analysis of synthesis techniques and stability factors.
  • Examination of applications in imaging and drug delivery.

Main Results:

  • Microbubbles offer significant potential in medical diagnostics and therapeutics.
  • Various synthesis methods impact microbubble properties and stability.
  • Understanding dissolution and stability is crucial for effective application.

Conclusions:

  • Microbubbles are versatile tools in biomedical fields.
  • Further research is needed to optimize their use and mitigate side effects.
  • Modeling advancements aid in predicting microbubble behavior.