Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electric Potential and Potential Difference01:16

Electric Potential and Potential Difference

5.7K
Suppose a positive test charge moves away from a positive static charge, then the Coulomb force does positive work, and its electric potential energy decreases. The potential energy per unit charge is defined as the electric potential. The electric potential is independent of the test charge.
When a test charge moves from the initial to the final position, the electric potential difference between those positions is defined as the ratio of the change in the potential energy to the charge on the...
5.7K
Difference from Background: Limit of Detection01:05

Difference from Background: Limit of Detection

8.3K
The limit of detection (LOD) is the smallest amount of analyte that can be distinguished from the background noise. The LOD value corresponds to the concentration at which the analyte signal is three times larger than the standard deviation of the blank signal. Below this value, the analyte signal cannot be differentiated from the background noise. It is calculated by dividing the calibration slope by 3 times the standard deviation of the blank signals.
The LOD indicates the presence or absence...
8.3K
Identifying Statistically Significant Differences: The F-Test01:14

Identifying Statistically Significant Differences: The F-Test

3.8K
The F-test is used to compare two sample variances to each other or compare the sample variance to the population variance. It is used to decide whether an indeterminate error can explain the difference in their values. The underlying assumptions that allow the use of the F-test include the data set or sets are normally distributed, and the data sets are independent of each other. The test statistic F is calculated by dividing one variance by another. In other words, the square of one standard...
3.8K
Sum and Difference OpAmps01:22

Sum and Difference OpAmps

1.4K
Operational amplifiers (op-amps) are versatile devices that extend beyond amplification. In this context, two specific op-amp configurations are explored: the summing and difference amplifiers.
A summing amplifier, or an adder, utilizes an op-amp to merge multiple input signals into a single output signal. When audio signals are introduced into its input channels, the input resistors initiate currents that traverse feedback resistors, resulting in an output voltage. Applying Kirchhoff's current...
1.4K
Difference Equation Solution using z-Transform01:24

Difference Equation Solution using z-Transform

648
The z-transform is a powerful tool for analyzing practical discrete-time systems, often represented by linear difference equations. Solving a higher-order difference equation requires knowledge of the input signal and the initial conditions up to one term less than the order of the equation.
The z-transform facilitates handling delayed signals by shifting the signal in the z-domain, which corresponds to delaying the signal in the time domain, and advancing signals by similarly shifting in the...
648
Nuclear Fission02:50

Nuclear Fission

12.5K
Many heavier elements with smaller binding energies per nucleon can decompose into more stable elements that have intermediate mass numbers and larger binding energies per nucleon—that is, mass numbers and binding energies per nucleon that are closer to the “peak” of the binding energy graph near 56. Sometimes neutrons are also produced. This decomposition of a large nucleus into smaller pieces is called fission. The breaking is rather random with the formation of a large...
12.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Decoding the reproductive microbiome: enabling clinical and biological insights through machine and deep learning.

Frontiers in endocrinology·2026
Same author

Assessing Color Inconstancy of CAD/CAM Materials: Influence of CIE White LED Illuminants and Substrate Shade.

Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.]·2026
Same author

Adaptation, Marginal, and Occlusal Quality of Monolithic Zirconia Crowns: Effect of the CAD/CAM Milling Protocol.

Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.]·2026
Same author

Effect of Successive Bleaching Treatments Followed by Staining on Color, Whiteness, and Translucency of Polymer-Based CAD-CAM Materials.

Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.]·2026
Same author

Niobium pentoxide addition to 3D printing resin-based composites.

Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials·2026
Same author

Assessing the Relationship Between the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics, Self-Esteem, and Dental Habits.

Dentistry journal·2026
Same journal

Development and performance evaluation of novel preformed primary tooth crowns based on glass fiber-reinforced vinyl-epoxy polymer.

Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials·2026
Same journal

Initiator-dependent effects of thiourethane on resin cement curing under light attenuation conditions.

Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials·2026
Same journal

Indentation-derived mechanical properties and structure-property relationships in dental crowns: an updated review.

Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials·2026
Same journal

Effect of surface silica content on primer‑dependent resin bonding to nanoceramic‑filled polyetheretherketone.

Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials·2026
Same journal

Improvement of the biological performance of filling materials for primary teeth after pulpectomy by incorporating Ca-polyP microparticles.

Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials·2026
Same journal

Effects of simulated gastric acid ageing on Martens hardness of denture base resins fabricated using different techniques.

Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Evaluating the Effects of Different Polishing Methods on Color Stability of Dental Restorations in Pediatric Dentistry
03:37

Evaluating the Effects of Different Polishing Methods on Color Stability of Dental Restorations in Pediatric Dentistry

Published on: June 6, 2025

468

Whiteness difference thresholds in dentistry.

María M Pérez1, Luis Javier Herrera2, Francisco Carrillo3

  • 1Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Campus Fuente Nueva, Edificio Mecenas, s/n 18071, Granada, Spain.

Dental Materials : Official Publication of the Academy of Dental Materials
|December 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study establishes visual whiteness thresholds for dental esthetics using the WID index. Dentists and laypersons have different perceptibility and acceptability thresholds for tooth whiteness.

Keywords:
AcceptabilityCIELAB color spacePerceptibilityWhiteness index dentistryWhiteness threshold

More Related Videos

Psychophysical Tracking Method to Assess Taste Detection Thresholds in Children, Adolescents, and Adults: The Taste Detection Threshold TDT Test
08:52

Psychophysical Tracking Method to Assess Taste Detection Thresholds in Children, Adolescents, and Adults: The Taste Detection Threshold TDT Test

Published on: April 21, 2021

5.4K
Estimating Vestibular Perceptual Thresholds Using a Six-Degree-Of-Freedom Motion Platform
06:31

Estimating Vestibular Perceptual Thresholds Using a Six-Degree-Of-Freedom Motion Platform

Published on: August 4, 2022

3.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Evaluating the Effects of Different Polishing Methods on Color Stability of Dental Restorations in Pediatric Dentistry
03:37

Evaluating the Effects of Different Polishing Methods on Color Stability of Dental Restorations in Pediatric Dentistry

Published on: June 6, 2025

468
Psychophysical Tracking Method to Assess Taste Detection Thresholds in Children, Adolescents, and Adults: The Taste Detection Threshold TDT Test
08:52

Psychophysical Tracking Method to Assess Taste Detection Thresholds in Children, Adolescents, and Adults: The Taste Detection Threshold TDT Test

Published on: April 21, 2021

5.4K
Estimating Vestibular Perceptual Thresholds Using a Six-Degree-Of-Freedom Motion Platform
06:31

Estimating Vestibular Perceptual Thresholds Using a Six-Degree-Of-Freedom Motion Platform

Published on: August 4, 2022

3.7K

Area of Science:

  • Dental esthetics
  • Color science
  • Visual perception

Background:

  • Establishing objective visual whiteness thresholds is crucial for esthetic dentistry.
  • The Whiteness Index for Dentistry (WID) in the CIELAB color space offers a standardized metric.
  • Previous research has not definitively established visual thresholds for WID.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the visual whiteness perceptibility threshold (WPT) and acceptability threshold (WAT) for esthetic dentistry using the WID index.
  • To compare these thresholds between dentists and laypersons.
  • To provide reference values for dental materials and clinical practices.

Main Methods:

  • A psychophysical experiment involving 60 observers (30 dentists, 30 laypersons) was conducted.
  • Observers visually compared simulated images of upper central incisors displayed in pairs on a calibrated monitor.
  • The Whiteness Index for Dentistry (WID) was used to calculate WPT and WAT, with data analyzed using a Takagi-Sugeno-Kang Fuzzy Approximation model and paired t-tests.

Main Results:

  • The overall visual whiteness perceptibility threshold (WPT) was 0.72 WID units, and the acceptability threshold (WAT) was 2.62 WID units.
  • Significant differences were observed between WPT and WAT (p<0.05).
  • Dentists reported lower thresholds (WPT=0.46, WAT=2.20 WID units) compared to laypersons (WPT=0.94, WAT=2.95 WID units).

Conclusions:

  • The determined WID visual whiteness difference thresholds serve as valuable reference points.
  • These thresholds are applicable for research, development of dental materials, and clinical assessments, including evaluating bleaching treatment efficacy.
  • The findings highlight the importance of considering observer type (dentist vs. layperson) when assessing dental esthetics.