Takotsubo syndrome: State-of-the-art review by an expert panel - Part 1

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Internal Medicine

Background:

• Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is an acute cardiac condition.
• It presents similarly to acute coronary syndrome but without coronary obstruction.
• Characterized by reversible ventricular dysfunction and acute heart failure.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of the current understanding of Takotsubo syndrome.
• To summarize the state-of-the-art knowledge on TTS.
• To highlight novel aspects including genetics, microRNAs, racial differences, and advanced imaging.

Main Methods:

• This consensus paper is the result of a multinational expert collaboration.
• It involves a thorough review of existing literature and expert consensus.
• Focuses on historical context, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation.

Main Results:

• Discusses the historical recognition and evolution of understanding TTS.
• Details various patterns and clinical forms of the syndrome.
• Explores the epidemiology and underlying pathophysiology.

Conclusions:

• Takotsubo syndrome is a distinct clinical entity requiring specific diagnostic and management approaches.
• Further research into its genetics, molecular mechanisms, and diverse presentations is ongoing.
• This manuscript serves as a foundational resource for understanding TTS.