Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

218.5K
Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
218.5K
Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

6.4K
Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
6.4K
Lung Capacity01:47

Lung Capacity

56.3K
The air in the lungs is measured in volumes and capacities. Lung volume measures reflect the amount of air taken in, released, or left over after a lung function, like a single inhalation. Lung capacity measures are sums of two or more lung volume measures.
56.3K
Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

1.3K
The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
1.3K
Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

5.6K
Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
5.6K
Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion03:48

Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion

31.3K
Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second), they collide with other gaseous molecules and travel in many different directions before reaching the desired target. At room temperature, a gaseous molecule will experience billions of collisions per second. The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels between collisions. The mean free path increases with decreasing pressure; in general, the mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be...
31.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Simulation of spin dephasing in arbitrary susceptibility fields using physics-informed neural networks.

Physical review. E·2025
Same author

Investigating neuroanatomical correlates of neuropathic pain in multiple sclerosis: A pilot comparative study using advanced MRI techniques.

Revue neurologique·2025
Same author

In vivo imaging of dorsal root ganglia in the mouse: from ex vivo MR-microscopy towards quantitative in vivo MRI.

Brain research·2025
Same author

[Strangulation].

Radiologie (Heidelberg, Germany)·2024
Same author

A Comparative Study of Deep Learning Methods for Multi-Class Semantic Segmentation of 2D Kidney Ultrasound Images.

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference·2023
Same author

CycleGAN-Based Image to Image Translation for Realistic Surgical Training Phantoms.

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference·2023
Same journal

Localization-driven exchange contrast in diffusion exchange spectroscopy.

Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)·2026
Same journal

4.5 Tesla superconducting miniature magnet in liquid nitrogen.

Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)·2026
Same journal

Folding and unfolding dynamics of a DNA aptamer studied by heteronuclear <sup>1</sup>H-<sup>13</sup>C correlation zz-exchange spectroscopy.

Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)·2026
Same journal

Multi-spin control from one-spin pulses.

Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)·2026
Same journal

Altering MRI rotating frame relaxations by changing the truncation level of Hyperbolic Secant pulse.

Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)·2026
Same journal

Effects of proton exchange on the lifetimes of long-lived states in aliphatic chains.

Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Diagnostic Strategies and Biomarker Development for Comprehensive Lung Function Analysis
05:56

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Diagnostic Strategies and Biomarker Development for Comprehensive Lung Function Analysis

Published on: August 9, 2024

2.5K

Pseudo-diffusion effects in lung MRI.

C H Ziener1, T Kampf2, F T Kurz1

  • 1German Cancer Research Center - DKFZ, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)
|December 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study models magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal loss in lung tissue, considering air-volume effects. The new model accurately predicts in vivo measurements, improving lung MRI analysis.

Keywords:
Bloch-Torrey-equationLung MRIPseudo-diffusion effectsSusceptibility effects

More Related Videos

Role of Diffusion MRI Tractography in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery
09:53

Role of Diffusion MRI Tractography in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery

Published on: July 5, 2021

4.3K
Multi-modal Pulmonary Imaging: Using Complementary Information from CT and Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI to Evaluate Lung Structure-Function
02:09

Multi-modal Pulmonary Imaging: Using Complementary Information from CT and Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI to Evaluate Lung Structure-Function

Published on: April 12, 2024

1.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Diagnostic Strategies and Biomarker Development for Comprehensive Lung Function Analysis
05:56

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Diagnostic Strategies and Biomarker Development for Comprehensive Lung Function Analysis

Published on: August 9, 2024

2.5K
Role of Diffusion MRI Tractography in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery
09:53

Role of Diffusion MRI Tractography in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery

Published on: July 5, 2021

4.3K
Multi-modal Pulmonary Imaging: Using Complementary Information from CT and Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI to Evaluate Lung Structure-Function
02:09

Multi-modal Pulmonary Imaging: Using Complementary Information from CT and Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI to Evaluate Lung Structure-Function

Published on: April 12, 2024

1.1K

Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Biophysics
  • Pulmonary Science

Background:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of lung tissue is significantly affected by magnetic susceptibility differences between water and air.
  • These susceptibility effects, along with blood flow (approximated as pseudo-diffusion), influence the measured MRI signal lineshape.
  • Current models are limited, often only addressing dephasing at the alveolar surface.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend the Bloch-Torrey equation model for lung MRI.
  • To account for a wider range of physiological air volume fractions.
  • To improve the quantitative description of susceptibility effects and pseudo-diffusion in lung tissue.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an extended Bloch-Torrey equation model.
  • Incorporated a comprehensive range of physiological air volume fractions.
  • Validated the model against in vivo human lung MRI data.

Main Results:

  • The extended model quantitatively describes both susceptibility effects and pseudo-diffusion.
  • The model successfully covers the full spectrum of physiologically relevant air volume fractions.
  • Model predictions show excellent agreement with in vivo human lung MRI measurements.

Conclusions:

  • The developed model provides a more accurate description of MRI signal behavior in lung tissue.
  • This advancement enhances the understanding of susceptibility and blood flow influences on lung MRI.
  • The findings support improved quantitative analysis and interpretation of lung MRI data.