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Related Concept Videos

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
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Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints01:03

Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints

3.8K
Fibrous joints are a type of joint where the bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. These joints provide stability and minimal to no movement between the articulating bones. There are three types of fibrous joints.
Suture
All the bones of the skull, except for the mandible, are joined to each other by a fibrous joint called a suture. The fibrous connective tissue found at a suture strongly unites the adjacent skull bones and thus helps to protect the brain and form the face. In...
3.8K
Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

4.0K
As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary...
4.0K
Joints01:26

Joints

35.7K
Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
Structural joint classifications are based on the material that makes up the joint as well as whether or not the joint contains a space between the bones. Joints are structurally classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
Fibrous Joints Are Immovable
The bones of a...
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Method of Joints01:30

Method of Joints

1.3K
The method of joints is a commonly used technique to analyze the forces in structural trusses. The method is based on the principle of equilibrium, which assumes that the truss members are connected by frictionless pins. The forces at each joint can be determined by considering the equilibrium of the forces acting on that joint.
Since plane truss members are in the same plane, each joint is subjected to a coplanar and concurrent force system. To apply the method of joints, the first step is to...
1.3K
Introduction to Joints00:58

Introduction to Joints

4.8K
The adult human body usually has 206 bones, and except for the hyoid bone in the neck, each bone is connected to at least one other bone. Joints are the location where bones come together. Many joints allow for movement between the bones. At these joints, the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones can move smoothly against each other. However, the bones of other joints may be joined by connective tissue or cartilage. These joints are designed for stability and provide little or no...
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A Postoperative Evaluation Guideline for Computer-Assisted Reconstruction of the Mandible
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Joint Face Alignment and 3D Face Reconstruction with Application to Face Recognition.

Feng Liu, Qijun Zhao, Xiaoming Liu

    IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
    |December 12, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a novel method for joint face alignment and 3D face reconstruction, simultaneously addressing both tasks for 2D images. The approach achieves state-of-the-art accuracy and enhances face recognition performance.

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    Area of Science:

    • Computer Vision
    • Machine Learning
    • 3D Graphics

    Background:

    • Traditional face alignment and 3D face reconstruction are separate, often limiting performance.
    • Existing methods struggle with arbitrary poses and expressions, and often fail to localize invisible landmarks.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a unified method for simultaneous face alignment and 3D face reconstruction.
    • To automatically generate pose-and-expression-normalized (PEN) and expressive 3D faces.
    • To improve face recognition accuracy using reconstructed 3D faces.

    Main Methods:

    • A joint method leveraging the correlation between 2D landmarks and 3D shapes.
    • Utilizes a summation model of 3D faces and cascaded regression in 2D and 3D shape spaces.
    • Iteratively updates 2D landmarks and 3D shape using correlated regressors and a dynamic 3D-to-2D mapping matrix.

    Main Results:

    • Achieves state-of-the-art accuracy in both face alignment and 3D face reconstruction.
    • Successfully localizes both visible and invisible 2D landmarks.
    • Demonstrates improved face recognition accuracy when using the reconstructed PEN 3D faces.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed joint method effectively solves face alignment and 3D reconstruction simultaneously.
    • The method's ability to generate PEN 3D faces significantly benefits face recognition.
    • Both linear and nonlinear implementations show strong performance in extensive experiments.