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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Many proteins form complexes to carry out their functions, making protein-protein interactions (PPIs) essential for an organism's survival. Most PPIs are stabilized by numerous weak noncovalent chemical forces. The physical shape of the interfaces determines the way two proteins interact. Many globular proteins have closely-matching shapes on their surfaces, which form a large number of weak bonds. Additionally, many PPIs occur between two helices or between a surface cleft and a...
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Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Fused Filament Fabrication FFF of Metal-Ceramic Components
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Anomalous diffusion along metal/ceramic interfaces.

Aakash Kumar1, Hagit Barda2, Leonid Klinger2

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. aakashk@seas.upenn.edu.

Nature Communications
|December 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Metal diffusion along metal/ceramic interfaces is surprisingly fast, comparable to grain boundaries. This phenomenon, observed in nickel on alumina, impacts device performance and stability, suggesting it

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Science
  • Solid State Physics

Background:

  • Interface diffusion is critical for metal/ceramic devices.
  • Fast diffusion can degrade performance and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the mechanism and rate of Ni diffusion at the Ni/α-Al2O3 interface.
  • Develop a predictive model for interface diffusion in metal/ceramic systems.

Main Methods:

  • Continuum diffusion analysis.
  • Ab initio calculations (density functional theory).
  • Experimental observation of hole formation.

Main Results:

  • Nickel diffusion along the Ni/α-Al2O3 interface is unexpectedly rapid.
  • Lower vacancy formation and migration energies at the coherent interface compared to bulk Ni.
  • Interface diffusion activation energy is similar to high-angle grain boundaries.

Conclusions:

  • Fast metal diffusion along metal/ceramic interfaces is a common phenomenon.
  • The developed model accurately predicts interface diffusion rates.
  • Interface diffusion is not universally fast across all metal/ceramic systems.