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Related Concept Videos

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends01:35

Pre-mRNA Processing: Modification of pre-mRNA Ends

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a cap to the 5' end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5' phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached (7-methyl guanosine). This 5' cap helps...
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pre-mRNA Processing02:01

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In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl...
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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
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Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

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Analysis of RNA Processing Reactions Using Cell Free Systems: 3' End Cleavage of Pre-mRNA Substrates in vitro
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Pre-mRNA modifications and their role in nuclear processing.

Nicole M Martinez1, Wendy V Gilbert1

  • 1Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.

Quantitative Biology (Beijing, China)
|December 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Messenger RNA (mRNA) modifications, increasingly discovered via sequencing, may regulate nuclear pre-mRNA processing and alternative splicing. Future research will clarify these roles in gene expression regulation.

Keywords:
RNA-modifying enzymesmRNA modificationpre-mRNA modificationsplicing

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • RNA Biology
  • Gene Expression

Background:

  • Over 100 distinct chemical modifications exist for cellular non-coding RNAs.
  • Recent advances reveal widespread post-transcriptional modifications on eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA).
  • The functional roles of mRNA modifications in mRNA metabolism are emerging areas of study.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent progress on the role of pre-mRNA modifications in splicing.
  • To highlight future research directions in the field of RNA modifications and splicing.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature.
  • Analysis of sequencing-based methods for RNA modification detection.
  • Discussion of enzyme localization and potential function in nuclear processes.

Main Results:

  • Most identified mRNA modifying enzymes are nuclear, suggesting a role in nuclear pre-mRNA processing.
  • Pre-mRNA modifications have the potential to influence alternative splicing.
  • This field is rapidly growing with ongoing discoveries.

Conclusions:

  • Future studies should identify modifications on nascent pre-mRNA.
  • Interrogating the direct effects of individual modifications is crucial.
  • New regulatory mechanisms of nuclear pre-mRNA processing are likely to be uncovered.