Regression-based normative data and equivalent scores for Trail Making Test (TMT): an updated Italian normative study

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Psychology
• Cognitive Assessment

Background:

• The Trail Making Test (TMT) is crucial for evaluating psychomotor speed and cognitive flexibility.
• Existing Italian TMT norms are over 20 years old, necessitating updated data.
• Larger, diverse samples are needed for reliable normative data.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide updated normative data for the Italian version of the TMT.
• To establish new regression-based norms and equivalent scores (ESs) for TMT.
• To cover a wider age range and include derived TMT scores.

Main Methods:

• Collected data from 355 Italian volunteers, stratified by sex, age (20-90 years), and education.
• Administered the TMT (Parts A and B) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).
• Utilized multiple linear regression analyses to identify influencing factors.

Main Results:

• Age and education significantly impacted TMT performance (Parts A, B, and Score B-A).
• New correction grids and inferential cutoff scores were developed.
• TMT scores demonstrated good test-retest reliability and moderate correlation with MoCA scores.

Conclusions:

• Sociodemographic variables significantly influence TMT performance.
• Updated TMT norms and correction grids are essential for accurate assessment.
• This study enhances the utility of the TMT in clinical and research contexts.