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Essential oils and functional herbs for healthy aging.

Snezana Agatonovic-Kustrin1, Ella Kustrin2, David W Morton3

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Summary

Mint family herbs show potential in treating Alzheimer's disease and diabetes. Their compounds inhibit enzymes linked to both conditions, offering a dual benefit for cognitive function and blood sugar control.

Keywords:
acetylcholinesterasedementiadiabetesessential oilsfunctional herbsmediterranean dietmint familyα-amylase

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biochemistry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Rising life expectancy correlates with increased prevalence of age-related diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and diabetes.
  • Cholinergic deficits, oxidative stress, and inflammation are key hypotheses in AD pathogenesis.
  • Diabetes, particularly type II, is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for AD and other dementias, with elevated α-amylase levels observed in dementia patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of essential oils from the mint family in managing AD and diabetes.
  • To explore the inhibitory effects of mint-derived monoterpenoids on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and α-amylase.
  • To assess the therapeutic implications of these compounds for cognitive decline and metabolic control.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro and in vivo studies on selected monoterpenoids from mint family essential oils.
  • Assessment of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and α-amylase inhibitory activities.
  • Evaluation of the absorption and blood-brain barrier penetration of terpenoids via inhalation or topical application.

Main Results:

  • Monoterpenoids from mint family essential oils demonstrate potent inhibition of both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and α-amylase.
  • These compounds, including terpenes and terpenoids, are small, lipid-soluble molecules capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier.
  • Evidence suggests these constituents can be absorbed through nasal mucosa or skin, entering systemic circulation.

Conclusions:

  • Herbs from the mint family possess compounds with dual activity against targets relevant to Alzheimer's disease (AChE inhibition) and diabetes (α-amylase inhibition).
  • The ability of these terpenoids to cross the blood-brain barrier makes them promising candidates for therapeutic interventions in neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders.
  • Functional food applications and aromatherapy using mint family herbs could offer a holistic approach to improve cognitive function and manage blood sugar levels, potentially delaying cognitive decline and enhancing quality of life.