Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Fabrication of a Dipole-assisted Solid Phase Extraction Microchip for Trace Metal Analysis in Water Samples
Published on: August 7, 2016
Solid-phase extraction coupled with switchable hydrophilicity solvent-based homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction
Xin Di1, Xin Wang1, Youping Liu1
1School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, P.O. Box 54, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China.
Abstract:
A simple and efficient method combining solid-phase extraction (SPE) with homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction (HLLME) has been developed for fast pretreatment of chloramphenicol (CAP) from water samples prior to determination by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection. Oasis HLB sorbent was chosen for SPE. In HLLME, N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine was used as a CO2-triggered switchable solvent that could switch reversibly between hydrophilic and hydrophobic forms. The parameters influencing both SPE and HLLME were investigated and optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the method exhibited low limit of detection (0.1 ng/mL), good linearity (0.5-50 ng/mL), acceptable precision (RSD <5.0%) and accuracy (RE <4.0%). An enrichment factor of 340 was obtained. The proposed method is simple, fast, cost-effective, and suitable for the determination of trace chloramphenicol in water matrices. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
Related Concept Videos
Molecular Comparison of Gases, Liquids, and Solids
Speed of Sound in Solids and Liquids
Solvents
A...
States of Water
Water freezes when the intermolecular forces are greater than the kinetic energy. Unlike most other substances, water is less dense in its solid state than in its liquid state. This is because each water molecule can form...
Phase Diagrams
Extraction: Effects of pH

