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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Urinary System01:13

Introduction to Urinary System

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The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, and the urethra.
The kidneys are bean-shaped organs located in the retroperitoneal space, on either side of the vertebral column, between the T12 and L3 vertebrae. They are partially protected by the rib cage and surrounded by perirenal fat, which provides cushioning. They are responsible for urine formation and play critical roles in regulating blood pressure, electrolyte levels, and hormone production. The ureters...
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Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

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The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
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Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

Disorders of the Urinary System

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The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...
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Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction

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Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
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Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction01:26

Urinary Tract Infection I: Introduction

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Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impact various parts of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. These infections are generally bacterial, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative agent, often originating from the gastrointestinal tract. However, other bacteria, such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis, are also known to cause UTIs. The type, location, and underlying complexity of the UTI guide both...
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Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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A Modified Precipitation Method to Isolate Urinary Exosomes
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Urinary proteins: up-to-date reference methods for urinary protein analysis.

Anne Boutten1, Vincent Delatour2,

  • 1Laboratoire de biochimie métabolique et cellulaire, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France.

Annales De Biologie Clinique
|December 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Standardizing urine albumin measurements is crucial for accurately detecting and monitoring kidney disease (KD). Current methods show significant variability, leading to potential patient misclassification, prompting the development of a robust reference system.

Keywords:
reference methodurinary albuminurinary protein

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Biomarker Standardization
  • Nephrology

Background:

  • Urine albumin measurement is vital for kidney disease (KD) detection, monitoring, and prediction.
  • Current analytical methods for urine albumin lack standardization, leading to significant result variability.
  • This variability can result in the misclassification of patients with kidney disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline strategies and challenges in developing a standardized reference system for urine albumin measurement.
  • To address the critical need for analytical standardization in KD biomarker assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Development and validation of a primary reference material (SRM 2925).
  • Development and validation of a secondary reference material (SRM 3666).
  • Validation of a reference measurement procedure using liquid chromatography isotope dilution mass spectroscopy (LC-IDMS).

Main Results:

  • The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is actively validating key components of the reference system.
  • Progress has been made in developing reference materials and measurement procedures.

Conclusions:

  • Establishing a standardized reference system for urine albumin is essential for reliable KD diagnosis and management.
  • Overcoming analytical challenges is key to ensuring accurate and consistent urine albumin measurements globally.