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In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
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Cholesterol biosensors: A review.

Vinay Narwal1, Ritu Deswal2, Bhawna Batra3

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, M.D. University, Rohtak, India.

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|December 14, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Cholesterol biosensors offer a fast, sensitive, and cost-effective alternative to traditional methods. This review details various biosensors for detecting cholesterol levels in diverse samples, aiding in disease risk assessment.

Keywords:
Biological materialsCholesterolCholesterol biosensorsCholesterol oxidaseNanomaterials

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cholesterol is vital for cell membranes and hormone synthesis, but elevated levels (≥240 mg/dL) indicate high cardiovascular disease risk.
  • Traditional cholesterol detection methods are often slow, costly, and require specialized equipment and personnel.
  • Biosensors present a promising alternative, offering specificity, speed, and cost-effectiveness for cholesterol analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and describe various cholesterol biosensors.
  • To highlight the advantages of biosensing approaches over conventional cholesterol detection methods.
  • To discuss the operational parameters and performance of cholesterol biosensors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cholesterol biosensors.
  • Analysis of biosensor performance metrics including response time, pH and temperature ranges, concentration range, and detection limits.
  • Evaluation of biosensor applicability in various sample matrices (fruit juices, beverages, sera, urine).

Main Results:

  • Cholesterol biosensors exhibit rapid response times (1-300 s) and operate effectively within specific pH (7.0-8.6) and temperature (25-37°C) ranges.
  • These biosensors demonstrate high sensitivity with detection limits as low as 0.000002 mM and can measure cholesterol concentrations from 0.000025 to 700 mM.
  • Biosensors showed reusability up to 200 times over 15-50 days when stored dry at 4°C, and successfully measured cholesterol in diverse samples.

Conclusions:

  • Cholesterol biosensors provide a superior alternative to traditional methods due to their speed, sensitivity, and cost-effectiveness.
  • The reviewed biosensors are versatile, applicable to various sample types, and exhibit good reusability and stability.
  • Further research and development hold potential for the commercialization and widespread adoption of cholesterol biosensors.