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Adverse effects of retinoids.
1Department of Dermatology, Beilinson Medical Center, Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
Medical Toxicology and Adverse Drug Experience
|July 1, 1988
Summary
Oral retinoids, vitamin A derivatives, treat skin conditions like acne and psoriasis. While effective, they carry risks including birth defects and bone abnormalities, requiring careful patient selection and monitoring.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Pharmacology
- Oncology
Background:
- Oral retinoids, synthetic vitamin A derivatives, are established treatments for dermatological conditions.
- Key drugs include isotretinoin for nodulocystic acne and etretinate for psoriasis vulgaris.
- Their efficacy extends to papulosquamous dermatoses, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and cancer therapy/prevention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the therapeutic applications of oral retinoids.
- To highlight the spectrum of adverse effects associated with their systemic administration.
- To emphasize the importance of risk-benefit assessment and careful patient management.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of oral retinoid therapy in dermatological and oncological applications.
- Analysis of reported side effects, including mucocutaneous, hepatic, and lipid abnormalities.
- Examination of teratogenicity and chronic toxicities like skeletal abnormalities and growth inhibition in children.
Main Results:
- Oral retinoids are effective for acne, psoriasis, and other dermatoses, as well as in cancer treatment.
- Common side effects include mucocutaneous issues, liver toxicity, and dyslipidemia, potentially increasing cardiovascular risk.
- Significant concerns include teratogenicity and irreversible bone abnormalities with chronic use.
Conclusions:
- Systemic retinoid therapy necessitates careful patient selection and benefit-risk evaluation.
- Monitoring for clinical and laboratory changes is crucial.
- Ongoing research aims to develop safer, more effective retinoid analogs.