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Experimental Phantom-Based Security Analysis for Next-Generation Leadless Cardiac Pacemakers.

Muhammad Faheem Awan1, Sofia Perez-Simbor2, Concepcion Garcia-Pardo3

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Summary

Securing wireless pacemakers is crucial. This study quantizes eavesdropping risks for in-body medical devices using physical-layer security, finding ultrawide band (UWB) offers superior security over industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands.

Keywords:
WBANchannel modelingimplanted medical devicesphantom experimentsphysical-layer securitysecurity and privacywireless leadless cardiac pacemaker

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cybersecurity
  • Wireless Communications

Background:

  • Technological advancements enable implantable medical devices for chronic disease management.
  • Next-generation wireless pacemakers face novel security threats.
  • Securing transmissions between implanted devices and external receivers is critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate eavesdropping risk for wireless pacemaker transmissions.
  • To explore physical-layer security methods for in-body to off-body communication.
  • To analyze security performance in ultrawide band (UWB) and industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) frequency bands.

Main Methods:

  • Phantom experiments replicating human tissue dielectric properties for channel modeling.
  • Analysis of path loss, outage probability, and secrecy capacity.
  • Measurements conducted for UWB and ISM frequency bands.

Main Results:

  • Path loss follows a log-normal distribution.
  • For ISM band at 600 kbps, eavesdropping probability is ~97.68% at 1.3m, decreasing to 28.13% at 4.2m.
  • UWB band shows significantly lower eavesdropping risk (~0.2847% at 0.22m) and higher positive secrecy capacity (~96.84% at 0.12m).

Conclusions:

  • Physical-layer security methods can mitigate eavesdropping risks for wireless pacemakers.
  • UWB frequency bands offer enhanced security compared to ISM bands for in-body communications.
  • Further research into optimizing secrecy rates and mitigating outage probability is warranted.