Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 27, 2026
07:14
The Plant Infection Test: Spray and Wound-Mediated Inoculation with the Plant Pathogen Magnaporthe Grisea
Published on: August 4, 2018
13.4K
Chrysoviruses in Magnaporthe oryzae.
Hiromitsu Moriyama1, Syun-Ichi Urayama2, Tomoya Higashiura3
1Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8, Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 184-8509, Japan. hmori714@cc.tuat.ac.jp.
Viruses
|December 15, 2018
Summary
Mycoviruses infecting the destructive rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae, can alter its pathogenicity. Certain chrysoviruses (MoCV1-A, MoCV1-B) induce hypovirulence and physiological diversity, impacting fungal growth and race development.
Area of Science:
- Plant Pathology
- Mycology
- Virology
Background:
- Magnaporthe oryzae is a devastating global pathogen of rice, responsible for significant crop losses.
- Several mycoviruses have been identified within M. oryzae, including victoriviruses, partitiviruses, and chrysoviruses.
- Magnaporthe oryzae chrysovirus 1 (MoCV1-A and MoCV1-B) were the first identified mycoviruses inducing hypovirulence in M. oryzae.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of mycovirus infections on the pathogenicity and physiological traits of Magnaporthe oryzae.
- To explore the role of mycoviruses, particularly MoCV1-A, in driving fungal diversity and the development of pathogenic races.
Main Methods:
- Identification and characterization of various mycoviruses within Magnaporthe oryzae.
- Analysis of phenotypic changes in M. oryzae strains infected with MoCV1-A and MoCV1-B, including growth, morphology, and pigmentation.
- Comparative analysis with related mycoviruses like Alternaria alternata chrysovirus 1 (AaCV1) to understand pathogenicity modulation.
Main Results:
- MoCV1-A and MoCV1-B infections generally lead to hypovirulence in M. oryzae, manifesting as impaired growth, altered colony morphology, and reduced pigmentation.
- MoCV1-A infection also promotes physiological diversity within the fungal population, contributing to the emergence of distinct pathogenic races.
- Related mycoviruses, such as AaCV1, can have contrasting effects, causing host hypovirulence while increasing plant hypervirulence through enhanced toxin production.
Conclusions:
- Mycoviruses, particularly chrysoviruses, can significantly influence the pathogenicity and physiological characteristics of phytopathogenic fungi like M. oryzae.
- These mycoviruses may act as epigenetic factors, inducing substantial changes in fungal pathogenicity and host-plant interactions.
- Understanding mycovirus-fungus interactions is crucial for developing novel strategies to manage rice blast disease.
Keywords:
Magnaporthe oryzae. chrysovirus 1Mycovirusdouble-stranded RNA virushypovirulencerice blast fungusMore Related Videos
09:25Genome-wide Analysis of Histone Modifications Distribution using the Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing Method in Magnaporthe oryzae
Published on: June 2, 2021
3.3K
07:36Visualizing Early Infection Sites of Rice Blast Disease Magnaporthe oryzae on Barley Hordeum vulgare Using a Basic Microscope and a Smartphone
Published on: March 17, 2023
2.3K
Related Concept Videos
02:53CRISPR and crRNAs
Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
01:28Fungal Phylum Microsporidia
Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular fungi that were initially classified as protists but were later reclassified based on phylogenetic, molecular, and structural evidence linking them to the Chytridiomycota. These unicellular, non-motile organisms are highly specialized parasites that infect a wide range of animal hosts, including humans. They have evolved extensive genomic and metabolic reductions, making them highly dependent on their hosts for survival.Morphology and Genomic...
01:29Viruses of Archaea
Archaeal viruses play a crucial role in the ecosystems of extremophilic archaea, particularly those belonging to the phyla Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. By shaping host evolution and facilitating gene transfer, these viruses influence microbial communities and contribute to genetic diversity in extreme environments. The archaea they infect thrive in acidic hot springs and hydrothermal vents characterized by high temperatures and low pH. Archaeal viruses exhibit remarkable structural...
01:29Viruses with RNA Genomes
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
01:25Inhibitors Of Virion Release
Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
01:19Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly
As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...