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Texture Evolution during Isothermal, Isostrain and Isobaric Loading of Polycrystalline Shape Memory NiTi.

D E Nicholson1, S A Padula2, O Benafan2

  • 1Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center (AMPAC); Materials Science and Engineering Department; Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department; University of Central Florida, 12760 Pegasus Drive, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.

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Shape memory NiTi variant microstructures depend on strain, not stress. This finding allows for optimized training paths to improve alloy stability and fatigue life in applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Metallurgy
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Shape memory alloys (SMAs) like nickel-titanium (NiTi) exhibit unique properties due to reversible martensitic transformations.
  • Understanding the evolution of martensite variant microstructures under various loading conditions is crucial for their application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of isothermal, isobaric, and isostrain loading on martensite variant microstructures in NiTi.
  • To determine the correlation between loading conditions (strain and stress) and the resulting microstructure.
  • To assess the impact of thermomechanical loading history on microstructure reversibility and stability.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing *in situ* neutron diffraction to observe martensite variant microstructures in real-time.
  • Applying controlled isothermal, isobaric, and isostrain loading conditions to NiTi samples.
  • Analyzing microstructure evolution and reversibility under different thermomechanical cycles.

Main Results:

  • Martensite variant microstructures were found to be equivalent for corresponding strain levels, irrespective of the loading path (isothermal, isobaric, or isostrain).
  • Reversibility and equivalency of microstructures were observed even after reorientation following different loading sequences.
  • The resulting variant microstructure correlated directly with applied strain, showing no significant correlation with stress.
  • Microstructures formed isothermally were stable during subsequent thermal cycling under constant strain.

Conclusions:

  • The martensite variant microstructure in NiTi is primarily dictated by the applied strain, not the stress.
  • This strain-controlled behavior allows for flexibility in selecting thermomechanical loading paths for training SMAs.
  • Optimized training sequences can minimize cycles, enhancing the stability and fatigue life of NiTi in actuators and medical devices.