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Summary

A new model shows globular cluster (GC) stellar mass scales with progenitor halo mass. This model predicts minimum halo masses for GC formation and explores their role in cosmic reionization.

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first stars – dark matterformation–galaxiesgeneral–galaxiesglobular clustershigh-redshift–dark agesreionization

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Area of Science:

  • Astrophysics
  • Cosmology
  • Galaxy Formation and Evolution

Background:

  • Globular clusters (GCs) exhibit a linear scaling between their stellar mass and the halo mass of their host galaxies at redshift z=0.
  • Understanding GC formation and their early universe contribution requires modeling their progenitor halo mass at higher redshifts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a phenomenological model for GC stellar mass scaling with progenitor halo mass.
  • To predict the minimum halo mass required for GC formation at redshift z=6 and its local universe equivalent.
  • To investigate the role of GCs in cosmic reionization and their observability during that era.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a simple phenomenological model linking GC stellar mass to progenitor halo mass at z=6.
  • Used dark matter halo merger trees to predict GC properties.
  • Analyzed the implications of the GC birth mass to present-day stellar mass ratio (ξ) for reionization and observational constraints.

Main Results:

  • The model reproduces the observed M_GCs-M_halo relation at z=0.
  • Predicted minimum halo mass for hosting one GC at z=6 is 1.07 × 10^9 M_⊙, translating to ~2 × 10^10 M_⊙ at z=0.
  • Values of ξ > 10 are disfavored by current high-z object detections; GCs are significant reionization sources if 5 ≲ ξ ≲ 10.

Conclusions:

  • The model provides testable predictions for GC properties based on halo merger histories.
  • GCs could be significant contributors to cosmic reionization, depending on their birth mass ratio (ξ).
  • Observed high-z galaxies might be GCs, impacting reionization studies and dark matter constraints.