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Related Concept Videos

Formation of Intermediate Filaments00:57

Formation of Intermediate Filaments

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Intermediate filaments are cytoskeletal proteins with higher tensile strength and flexibility than microfilaments and microtubules. Unlike the other two cytoskeletal proteins, intermediate filament formation lacks the enzymatic activity to hydrolyze nucleotides like ATP and GTP to generate energy for polymerization. Therefore, the formation of intermediate filaments is multistep self-assembly. The involvement of any accessory proteins in intermediate filament formation has not yet been...
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The Structure of Intermediate Filaments01:19

The Structure of Intermediate Filaments

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The intermediate filaments are one of three widely studied cytoskeletal filaments. They are so named as their diameter (10 nm) is in between that of microfilaments (7 nm) and the microtubules (25 nm).  These filaments are highly stable and can remain intact when exposed to high salt concentrations and detergents. These filaments are responsible for providing stability and mechanical support to the cells. They also help in cell adhesion and maintaining tissue integrity.
Intermediate...
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Formation of Higher-order Actin Filaments01:11

Formation of Higher-order Actin Filaments

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The polymerization of G-actin monomers into filamentous F-actin is a multi-step process. Once the F-actins are formed, they can bundle together in different arrangements to form higher-order networks and regulate cellular functions. Common examples include the formation of lamellipodia and filopodia at the cell's leading edge by actin reorganization in a migrating cell. The microvilli on the brush border epithelial cells are also formed through the F-actin network.
The high-order actin...
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Generation of Straight or Branched Actin Filaments01:14

Generation of Straight or Branched Actin Filaments

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The straight or branched structure formation of actin filaments is controlled by nucleating proteins such as the formins and Arp2/3 complex. Formin-mediated assembly results in straight filaments, whereas Arp2/3 protein complex-mediated assembly results in branched actin filaments.
Arp2/3 Complex
Arp2/3 complex is a seven-subunit complex consisting of two proteins similar to actin- Arp2 and Arp3, and five other subunits that help keep Arp2 and Arp3 inactive. When required, the complex is...
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Fimbriae, Pili, and Axial Filaments01:28

Fimbriae, Pili, and Axial Filaments

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Fimbriae and pili are specialized bacterial surface structures that play pivotal roles in adhesion, genetic exchange, and motility. Composed primarily of pilin protein, these hairlike appendages are crucial for bacterial survival and pathogenicity in various environments.Fimbriae: Adhesion and PathogenicityFimbriae are fine, filamentous structures measuring 2–10 nanometers in diameter and are densely distributed on the bacterial cell surface. They facilitate bacterial adhesion to abiotic...
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Assembly of Cytoskeletal Filaments01:18

Assembly of Cytoskeletal Filaments

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Cytoskeletal filaments are polymeric forms of smaller protein subunits. However, individual cytoskeletal filaments may easily disassemble or associate with other similar filaments to form rigid structures. Microfilaments, made of actin monomers, rely on actin-binding proteins to form bundles and create networks of individual actin filaments. Microtubules rely on microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) to form sturdy cylindrical structures. However, the proteins involved in forming complex...
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Femtosecond Laser Filaments for Use in Sub-Diffraction-Limited Imaging and Remote Sensing
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First Star-Forming Structures in Fuzzy Cosmic Filaments.

Philip Mocz1, Anastasia Fialkov2, Mark Vogelsberger3

  • 1Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|November 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fuzzy dark matter (FDM) simulations reveal that ultralight bosons form soliton cores in dark matter filaments. These cores imprint a unique signature on the first galaxies, unaffected by baryonic feedback.

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Area of Science:

  • Cosmology
  • Astrophysics
  • Particle Physics

Background:

  • Hierarchical structure formation models posit early galaxies form in low-mass dark matter halos.
  • These early galaxies are currently below the detection limits of existing telescopes.
  • Future missions will enable observation of these nascent galactic structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate galaxy assembly within a fuzzy dark matter (FDM) cosmology.
  • Explore the impact of ultralight bosonic dark matter on early structure formation.
  • Analyze the interplay between baryonic physics and FDM's wave-like properties.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a novel cosmological hydrodynamical simulation.
  • Modeled fuzzy dark matter with ultralight bosons (∼10⁻²² eV).
  • Examined dark matter filament evolution and baryonic feedback effects.

Main Results:

  • FDM filaments exhibited interference patterns and formed soliton-like cores.
  • These cores collapsed into kiloparsec-scale spherical solitons under gravity.
  • Baryonic feedback minimally affected dark matter distribution features.
  • Gas and star distributions showed central cores imprinted by dark matter.

Conclusions:

  • FDM cosmology predicts unique dark matter structures (solitons) in early galaxies.
  • These dark matter structures leave an observable imprint on gas and star distributions.
  • The imprinted cores serve as a potential observational signature for fuzzy dark matter.