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Updated: Sep 18, 2025

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Effects of Censoring Explicit Language in Music on Resistance Exercise Performance.

Christopher G Ballmann1,2, Sophia L Porrill1, Rebecca R Rogers3

  • 1Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.

Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
|June 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Censoring explicit lyrics in music during resistance exercise reduced total repetitions and motivation, but did not affect explosive speed. Explicit music enhanced exercise performance compared to censored music.

Keywords:
bench pressexplicit languagemotivationpsychological arousal

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Sports Science
  • Music Psychology

Background:

  • Music listening is known to enhance resistance exercise performance.
  • The impact of lyrical content, specifically explicit language, on exercise responses remains under-investigated.
  • Explicit language in music may influence psychophysiological responses and exercise performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the effects of censoring explicit lyrical music on bench press performance and psychophysiological responses during resistance exercise.
  • To compare performance and psychological outcomes between listening to explicit music and censored music.

Main Methods:

  • A counterbalanced crossover design was used with resistance-trained males (n=11).
  • Participants completed explosive repetitions and repetitions to failure at 60% of 1-RM under explicit music (EM) and censored music (CM) conditions.
  • Measures included mean velocity, total repetitions to failure (RTFs), motivation, psychological arousal, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE).

Main Results:

  • Total RTFs were significantly lower with CM compared to EM (p=0.012).
  • Mean velocity showed no significant difference between music conditions (p=0.844).
  • Psychological arousal (p=0.005) and motivation (p=0.002) were lower, while RPE was higher (p=0.011) with CM versus EM.

Conclusions:

  • Censored music leads to reduced repetition volume during resistance exercise compared to explicit music, without affecting explosive ability.
  • Decreased motivation and psychological arousal may explain the performance differences.
  • Higher RPE with censored music suggests less dissociation from exertion.