Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 1, 2026
Extracting Metrics for Three-dimensional Root Systems: Volume and Surface Analysis from In-soil X-ray Computed Tomography Data
Published on: April 26, 2016
The internal root canal morphology of single-rooted mandibular canines revealed by micro-computed tomography
Marília Fagury Marceliano-Alves1, Carolina Oliveira de Lima1, Carla Mendonça Augusto1
1Department of Endodontics, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Context:
The lack of thorough knowledge regarding morphological and anatomical variations of the root canal system can result in failure to identify all root canals and lead to inadequate instrumentation and consequent failure of the endodontic treatment.
Aims:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the anatomy of single-rooted mandibular canines using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT).
Subjects And Methods:
Eighty mandibular canines were scanned by micro-CT to determine anatomic parameters: Vertucci's classification, number of lateral canals, roundness, and minor and major diameters. The shape of root canal orifices, volume, surface area, and convexity structure model index (SMI) were also evaluated.
Analysis Used:
The CTAn and CTvol software were used to three-dimensional and morphometric analysis.
Results:
All canals were classified as Vertucci Type I. Lateral canals were verified in 42.4% of the roots, in apical third. The canal diameters were decreased near the apex. The cross sections at the cementoenamel junction and 1 mm from the apex were oval in 38.3% and 79.4% of the canals, respectively. The mean canal volumes and surface areas were 11.48 ± 4.41 mm3≥ and 67.29 ± 19.18 mm2, respectively. The SMI values indicated that mandibular canine was approximately rod like.
Conclusions:
The morphology of the root canal of single-rooted canines varied widely at different root levels.
Related Concept Videos
03:02Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots
00:57Root Mean Square
For example, consider the velocity of gas molecules in a container. The gas molecules are moving in different directions, which might impart positive and negative...
01:10Computed Tomography
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...
01:05Properties of the Root Locus
To determine if a point lies on the root locus, the criterion involves the sum of angles contributed by all poles and zeros to that point. Specifically, this sum must be an odd multiple of 180 degrees. The gain at any point on...
01:19Root-Locus Method
This system can be represented by a block...
01:15Construction of Root Locus
For positive gain values, the root locus exists on the real axis to the left of an odd number of finite open-loop poles or zeros. The root locus starts at the open-loop poles and traces the paths of the closed-loop poles as the gain...