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Left Ventricular Structure and Function in Elite Swimmers and Runners.

Katharine D Currie1,2, Alexandra M Coates3, Joshua T Slysz3

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Elite runners exhibit enhanced early diastolic function compared to swimmers, potentially due to faster left ventricular untwisting. This study highlights sport-specific cardiac adaptations in athletes.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Sports Medicine
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Sport-specific adaptations in the left ventricle (LV) are documented in land-based athletes.
  • Comparisons between aquatic and land-based elite athletes' cardiac structure and function are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in left ventricular (LV) structure and function between elite swimmers and runners.
  • To compare cardiac adaptations in response to water-based versus land-based endurance sports.

Main Methods:

  • Sixteen elite swimmers and 16 elite runners underwent resting echocardiography.
  • Evaluated indices included LV dimensions, global LV systolic and diastolic function, and LV mechanics.
  • Specific measurements focused on early diastolic function and LV untwisting dynamics.

Main Results:

  • Elite swimmers demonstrated lower early diastolic function compared to runners, evidenced by reduced peak early transmitral filling velocity and mean mitral annular peak early velocity.
  • The time to peak untwisting rate occurred later in diastole for swimmers.
  • Swimmers had a larger cardiac output, attributed to higher heart rates, with similar stroke volumes between groups.

Conclusions:

  • Elite runners possess enhanced early diastolic function relative to elite swimmers.
  • Faster left ventricular untwisting in runners may explain their superior diastolic function.
  • Findings suggest distinct cardiac remodeling patterns between water-based and land-based elite athletes.