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Related Concept Videos

Non-Verbal Cues01:29

Non-Verbal Cues

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Non-verbal communication extends beyond gestures and facial expressions to include vocal elements known as paralanguage. Paralanguage consists of non-verbal vocal cues such as pitch, loudness, speech rate, pauses, and non-verbal vocalizations like laughter, sighs, and moans. These elements not only accompany speech but also provide critical emotional and contextual information.The Role of Paralanguage in CommunicationParalanguage adds depth to spoken language by conveying emotions and...
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Hydronium and hydroxide ions are present both in pure water and in all aqueous solutions, and their concentrations are inversely proportional as determined by the ion product of water (Kw). The concentrations of these ions in a solution are often critical determinants of the solution’s properties and the chemical behaviors of its other solutes. Two different solutions can differ in their hydronium or hydroxide ion concentrations by a million, billion, or even trillion times. A common means of...
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In designing and analyzing filters, resonant circuits, or circuit analysis at large, working with standard element values like 1 ohm, 1 henry, or 1 farad can be convenient before scaling these values to more realistic figures. This approach is widely utilized by not employing realistic element values in numerous examples and problems; it simplifies mastering circuit analysis through convenient component values. The complexity of calculations is thereby reduced, with the understanding that...
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Cruise control systems in cars are designed as multi-input systems to maintain a driver's desired speed while compensating for external disturbances such as changes in terrain. The block diagram for a cruise control system typically includes two main inputs: the desired speed set by the driver and any external disturbances, such as the incline of the road. By adjusting the engine throttle, the system maintains the vehicle's speed as close to the desired value as possible.
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Any physical property that depends consistently and reproducibly on temperature can be used as the basis of a thermometer. For example, volume increases with temperature for most substances. This property is the basis for the common alcohol thermometer and the original mercury thermometers. Other properties used to measure temperature include electrical resistance, color, and the emission of infrared radiation.
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Chemical reactions often occur in a stepwise fashion involving two or more distinct reactions taking place in a sequence. A balanced equation indicates the reacting species and the product species, but it reveals no details about how the reaction occurs at the molecular level. The reaction mechanism (or reaction path) provides details regarding the precise, step-by-step process by which a reaction occurs. Each of the steps in a reaction mechanism is called an elementary reaction. These...
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Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Design and Validation of a Volumetric-extrusion Bioprinter for Bioprinting of Soluble Basement Membrane Extract for Translational Research
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Multi-length scale bioprinting towards simulating microenvironmental cues.

Elisabeth L Gill1, Xia Li1, Mark A Birch2

  • 11Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ UK.

Bio-Design and Manufacturing
|December 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Creating functional tissues requires advanced biofabrication and bioprinting. This review explores 3D printing and fiber fabrication for better soft tissue constructs and in vitro models.

Keywords:
3D bioprintingAdditive manufacturingDisease modellingElectrospinningMicroenvironmentTissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Recreating in vivo conditions in vitro is crucial for developing functional tissues.
  • Biofabrication and bioprinting technologies are advancing across multiple length scales.
  • Current methods face limitations in feature resolution and material functionality for soft tissue engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in biofabrication and bioprinting techniques for tissue engineering.
  • To focus on 3D printing of hydrogels and biomaterial fiber fabrication.
  • To discuss strategies for simulating microenvironmental cues in vitro.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on biofabrication and bioprinting.
  • Analysis of 3D printing techniques for hydrogels.
  • Exploration of biomaterial fiber fabrication methods.
  • Discussion of in vitro microenvironment simulation strategies.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in biofabrication and bioprinting across various length scales.
  • 3D printing of hydrogels and biomaterial fibers show promise for enhanced feature resolution and material functionality.
  • Integration of multiple biofabrication technologies offers a path towards complex tissue construction.

Conclusions:

  • A multi-process, multiscale fabrication strategy is proposed for advanced tissue engineering.
  • This approach could lead to improved in vitro disease models and engineered tissue implants.
  • Bridging engineering capabilities with life sciences tools is key to future success.