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Related Concept Videos

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Although black holes were theoretically postulated in the 1920s, they remained outside the domain of observational astronomy until the 1970s.
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Mass and weight are often used interchangeably in everyday conversation. For example,  medical records often show our weight in kilograms, but never in the correct units of newtons. In physics, however, there is an important distinction. Weight is the pull of the Earth on an object. It depends on the distance from the center of the Earth. Weight dramatically varies if we leave the Earth's surface, unlike mass, which does not vary with location. On the Moon, for example, the...
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Updated: Feb 1, 2026

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NonPrimordial Solar Mass Black Holes.

Chris Kouvaris1, Peter Tinyakov2, Michel H G Tytgat2

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A novel mechanism proposes converting neutron stars into light black holes (∼1 solar mass) using asymmetric fermionic dark matter. This discovery could be detected via gravitational wave astronomy, offering insights into dark matter properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Astrophysics
  • Particle Physics
  • Cosmology

Background:

  • Neutron stars are remnants of massive stars, typically with masses greater than 1.4 solar masses.
  • Stellar evolution models do not predict black holes with masses as low as ~1 solar mass.
  • Dark matter, particularly asymmetric fermionic dark matter, is a candidate for explaining cosmological observations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a mechanism for forming solar mass black holes from neutron stars.
  • To investigate the role of asymmetric fermionic dark matter in this process.
  • To estimate the observable consequences and testability of this scenario.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of dark matter accumulation within neutron stars.
  • Analysis of the collapse dynamics leading to black hole formation.
  • Estimation of the fraction of neutron stars convertible to black holes.
  • Consideration of observational constraints from existing neutron star data.

Main Results:

  • Asymmetric fermionic dark matter (TeV scale) with attractive self-interactions can accumulate in neutron stars.
  • This accumulation can trigger a collapse, forming a black hole and converting the neutron star into a ~1 solar mass black hole.
  • A sizable fraction of neutron stars could be converted without violating observational constraints.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed mechanism offers a pathway to forming unexpectedly light black holes.
  • The existence of such solar mass black holes in binary systems could be detectable by gravitational wave observatories.
  • Observational searches for binary mergers of solar mass black holes can constrain or confirm the nature of dark matter.