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Researchers directly measured the mass numbers of superheavy elements using a cyclotron. This experiment confirmed previous assignments for elements like moscovium and nihonium.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Physics
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Superheavy elements (SHEs) are elements with atomic numbers greater than 104.
  • Determining the mass numbers of SHEs is crucial for understanding nuclear structure and decay properties.
  • Previous mass number assignments for SHEs have relied on indirect methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly measure the mass numbers of superheavy elements.
  • To confirm previous indirect mass number assignments for SHEs.
  • To investigate the decay chains of synthesized superheavy elements.

Main Methods:

  • Experiments were conducted at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's 88-in. Cyclotron.
  • Superheavy elements were synthesized using the ^{243}Am(^{48}Ca,xn)^{291-x}Mc reaction.
  • The BGS+FIONA apparatus was used to separate and identify decay products by mass-to-charge ratio (A/q).

Main Results:

  • Two alpha-decay chains were observed and analyzed.
  • One event at A/q=284 was assigned to ^{284}Nh (Z=113), the alpha-decay daughter of ^{288}Mc (Z=115).
  • A second event at A/q=288 was assigned to ^{288}Mc (Z=115).

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first direct measurements of superheavy element mass numbers.
  • The results confirm previous indirect mass number assignments for moscovium (Mc) and nihonium (Nh).
  • Direct mass measurements enhance the understanding of nuclear properties in the region of SHEs.