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The Resting Membrane Potential01:21

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The cell membrane, or plasma membrane, is an ever-changing landscape. It is described as a fluid mosaic where various macromolecules are embedded in the phospholipid bilayer. Among the macromolecules are proteins. The protein content varies across cell types. For example, mitochondrial inner membranes contain ~76% protein content, while myelin contains ~18% protein content. Individual cells contain many types of membrane proteins—red blood cells contain over 50—and different cell...
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The relative difference in electrical charge, or voltage, between the inside and the outside of a cell membrane, is called the membrane potential. It is generated by differences in permeability of the membrane to various ions and the concentrations of these ions across the membrane.
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Plasma membranes have integral transmembrane proteins involved in facilitated transport. These proteins are collectively referred to as transport proteins, and they function as either channels for the material or as carriers themselves. Channel proteins have hydrophilic domains exposed to the intracellular and extracellular fluids and a hydrophilic channel through their core that provides a hydrated opening for solutes to pass through the membrane layers. Passage through the channel allows...
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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Luminescence Resonance Energy Transfer to Study Conformational Changes in Membrane Proteins Expressed in Mammalian Cells
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Interplay between the electrostatic membrane potential and conformational changes in membrane proteins.

Xuejun C Zhang1,2, Hang Li1,2

  • 1National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

Protein Science : a Publication of the Protein Society
|December 15, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell membrane potential, a key energy source, influences membrane protein structure and function. Understanding this relationship helps explain protein conformational changes and their dynamic processes.

Keywords:
amphipathic helixelectrostatic membrane potentialhydrophobic mismatch forcemembrane protein dynamicsmembrane protein electrostatics

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular electrophysiology
  • Biophysics
  • Membrane protein dynamics

Background:

  • Transmembrane electrostatic membrane potential is a fundamental cellular energy source.
  • Membrane potential significantly impacts the structure and function of charge-carrying membrane proteins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the intricate relationship between membrane potential and membrane proteins.
  • To investigate if protein conformation is intrinsically linked to membrane potential.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis of electrostatic interactions.
  • Review of existing literature on membrane protein conformational changes.
  • Integration of biophysical principles.

Main Results:

  • Membrane potential plays a crucial role in dictating membrane protein conformation.
  • The study provides a framework for understanding observed conformational changes in membrane proteins.
  • Electrostatic effects of membrane potential on protein dynamics are elucidated.

Conclusions:

  • The interplay between membrane potential and membrane proteins is integral to cellular function.
  • This framework aids in rationalizing conformational dynamics and electrostatic influences on membrane proteins.
  • Enhanced understanding of these electrostatic effects is vital for cellular processes.