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Related Concept Videos

Sound Intensity00:58

Sound Intensity

4.8K
The loudness of a sound source is related to how energetically the source is vibrating, consequently making the molecules of the propagation medium vibrate. To measure the loudness of a source, the physical quantity of interest is the intensity. This is defined as the energy emitted per unit of time per unit of area perpendicular to the sound wave's propagation direction. Since the total energy is greater if the source vibrates for a longer duration and over a larger area, dividing the...
4.8K
Sound Intensity Level00:53

Sound Intensity Level

4.9K
Humans perceive sound by hearing. The human ear helps sound waves reach the brain, which then interprets the waves and creates the perception of hearing. The loudness of the environment in which a person is located determines whether they can distinguish between different sound sources.
The human ear can perceive an extensive range of sound intensity, necessitating the use of the logarithmic scale to define a physical quantity—the intensity level. It is a ratio of two intensities and...
4.9K
Intensity Of Electromagnetic Waves01:22

Intensity Of Electromagnetic Waves

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The energy transport per unit area per unit time, or the Poynting vector, gives the energy flux of an electromagnetic wave at any specific time. For a plane electromagnetic wave with E0 and B0 as the peak electric and magnetic fields and traveling along the x-axis, the time-varying energy flux can be given by the following equation:
5.9K
Intensity and Pressure of Sound Waves01:05

Intensity and Pressure of Sound Waves

1.7K
The intensity of sound waves can be related to displacement and pressure amplitudes by using their wave expressions and the definition of intensity. The critical step to achieve this is to write the power delivered by the particles on the wave as the product of force and velocity and simplify the force per unit area as the pressure. The velocity of the medium's particles can be derived from the displacement.
Unlike the time average of a sinusoidal term, which is zero since it is positive...
1.7K
IR Spectrum Peak Intensity: Amount of IR-Active Bonds00:55

IR Spectrum Peak Intensity: Amount of IR-Active Bonds

1.1K
When infrared radiation is passed through a molecule, absorption occurs if the molecule's vibration leads to a substantial change in its bond dipole moment. Transitions between vibrational energy levels, typically corresponding to infrared frequencies (4000–400 cm−1), allow absorption if the vibration significantly alters the dipole moment, making the molecule infrared active. The molecular bonds have different stretching and bending vibrations, resulting in various peaks with...
1.1K
IR Spectrum Peak Intensity: Dipole Moment01:20

IR Spectrum Peak Intensity: Dipole Moment

1.5K
The dipole moment of a bond is the product of the partial charge on either atom and the distance between them. Dipole moments influence the efficiency of IR absorption and the peak intensity. When a bond with a dipole moment is placed in an electric field, the direction of the field determines if the bond is compressed or stretched. Electromagnetic radiation consists of an electric field component that rapidly reverses direction. It follows that polar bonds are alternately stretched and...
1.5K

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Biomolecular Detection employing the Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor IRIS
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Biomolecular Detection employing the Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor IRIS

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Intensity-modulated nanoplasmonic interferometric sensor for MMP-9 detection.

Yifeng Qian1, Xie Zeng, Yongkang Gao

  • 1Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA. fjb205@lehigh.edu.

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|March 2, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a novel nanoplasmonic biosensor for label-free detection of molecular secretion from immune cells. This sensitive platform offers high temporal resolution and spatial accuracy for studying cell signaling dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanoplasmonics
  • Biosensing Technology
  • Cellular Immunology

Background:

  • Understanding immune cell secretion is crucial for elucidating cellular functions.
  • Existing methods for detecting molecular secretion often require labeling and lack dynamic, high-resolution capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a label-free, dynamic biosensing platform for monitoring molecular secretion from immune cells.
  • To achieve high sensitivity, temporal resolution, and spatial accuracy in detecting secreted biomolecules.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a nanoplasmonic circular interferometric biosensor utilizing intensity interrogation.
  • Coupling of free light and surface plasmon polariton (SPP) waves for enhanced sensitivity.
  • Simultaneous monitoring of multiple sensing units using a simple collinear optical setup with an LED source and CCD camera.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a refractive index unit (RIU) resolution of 4.1 × 10-5 for a single sensor unit with 1-second temporal resolution.
  • A 12 × 12 sensor array demonstrated a resolution of 7.3 × 10-6 RIU.
  • Successfully detected matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) secretion from THP-1 cells, correlating with ELISA results but without labeling.

Conclusions:

  • The developed nanoplasmonic biosensor array offers superior spatial, temporal, and mass resolution compared to existing label-free technologies.
  • This platform holds significant potential for studying the dynamics of cell secretion and understanding single-cell functions within microfluidic systems.